Mercury Concentration in the Breast Milk of Iranian Women

• Published in: Biological trace element research Vol. 147; no. 1-3; pp. 36 - 43
• Main Authors: Dahmardeh Behrooz, Reza, Esmaili-Sari, Abbas, Peer, Fatemeh Einollahi, Amini, Malihe
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer-Verlag 01.06.2012; Humana Press Inc; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Animal reproduction; Animals; Biochemistry; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biotechnology; breast milk; Diet; Environmental Pollutants - analysis; Environmental Pollutants - metabolism; Environmental Pollutants - standards; Female; Fish; fish consumption; Fishes - metabolism; Food Contamination; Geography; Humans; Infant; infants; Iran; Life Sciences; Mercury; Mercury - analysis; Mercury - metabolism; Mercury - standards; Milk, Human - chemistry; mothers; Nutrition; Oncology; Reference Standards; Reference Values; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Toxicity; women; World Health Organization; Young Adult; Iran; Human milk; Iranian women; Mercury; Fish consumption
• ISSN: 0163-4984; 1559-0720
• DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9283-7

Human milk is usually the only source of food for infants during the first 4 to 5 months of their life. In this research, 80 human milk samples were collected from mothers in Tehran, Noushahr and the countryside of Tabriz, Iran, who were not occupationally exposed to mercury. The mean concentration of mercury in breast milk obtained from mothers in the countryside of Tabriz, Noushahr and Tehran was 0.86, 0.15 and 0.12 μg/L, respectively. There was a significant difference in mercury concentration in human breast milk between that from the countryside of Tabriz with that from Tehran and Noushahr. Only 3.7% of infant samples (three infants) had mercury concentration higher than normal versus the WHO recommended limit (0.5 μg g−1). The fish consumption of these mothers in Tehran and Noushahr was a factor that significantly affected the mercury concentration in their breast milk. Also, their age affected the mercury levels in breast milk (p = 0.04).