Gut immune stimulation by non pathogenic Gram(+) and Gram(−) bacteria. Comparison with a probiotic strain

• Published in: Cytokine (Philadelphia, Pa.) Vol. 41; no. 3; pp. 223 - 231
• Main Authors: Dogi, C.A., Galdeano, C. Maldonado, Perdigón, Gabriela
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.03.2008
• Subjects: Animals; Cytokines - analysis; Cytokines - metabolism; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli - immunology; Gram-negative bacteria; Gram-Negative Bacteria - immunology; Gram-positive bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria - immunology; Immunoglobulin A - analysis; Intestinal immunity; Intestinal Mucosa - immunology; Intestines - immunology; Intestines - microbiology; Lactobacillus - immunology; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Lactobacillus casei; Lactobacillus delbrueckii; Lectins, C-Type - analysis; Leukocyte Common Antigens - analysis; Mannose-Binding Lectins - analysis; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Probiotics; Receptors, Cell Surface - analysis; Toll-Like Receptor 2 - metabolism; Toll-Like Receptor 4 - metabolism; Intestinal immunity; Gram-positive bacteria; Gram-negative bacteria
• ISSN: 1043-4666; 1096-0023
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2007.11.014

We analyzed the gut immune stimulation induced by Gram-positive bacteria: non probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL 1462 and Lactobacillus acidophilus A9; two potentially probiotic strains: L. acidophilus CRL 924 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CRL 423; comparatively with a probiotic strain: Lactobacillus casei CRL 431. We also studied Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli 129 and E. coli 13-7 in BALB/c mice. All the strains increased the number of IgA+ cells. We analyzed the cytokines IFNγ, TNFα, IL-17, IL-12, IL-6 and MIP-1α. The Gram(+) strains increased the number of IL-10+ cells. Gram(−) strains did not increase IL-10+ cells, but they increased the number of IL-12+ cells. The probiotic strain increased mainly IFNγ and TNFα. In the study of the receptors TLR-2, TLR-4 and CD-206, we demonstrated that only the probiotic strain increased the number of CD-206+ cells. All the Gram(+) strains increased the number of TLR-2+ cells and the Gram(−) strains of the TLR-4+ cells. The probiotic strain induced the release of IL-6 by a preparation enriched in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). Gram(+) and Gram(−) bacteria activated different immune receptors and induced a different cytokine profile. The probiotic strain showed a great activity on the immune cells and the enriched population in IEC, activating mainly cells of the innate immune system.