Evaluation of compliance with the Spanish Code of self-regulation of food and drinks advertising directed at children under the age of 12 years in Spain, 2012

• Published in: Public health (London) Vol. 150; pp. 121 - 129
• Main Authors: León-Flández, K., Rico-Gómez, A., Moya-Geromin, M.Á., Romero-Fernández, M., Bosqued-Estefania, M.J., Damián, J., López-Jurado, L., Royo-Bordonada, M.Á.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier Ltd 01.09.2017; Elsevier Science Ltd
• Subjects: Advertisements; Advertising; Advertising as Topic - legislation & jurisprudence; Advertising as Topic - standards; Advertising as Topic - statistics & numerical data; Bans; Beverages; Beverages - statistics & numerical data; Channels; Child; Child, Preschool; Childhood obesity; Children; Compliance; Cross-Sectional Studies; Drinks; Food; Food - statistics & numerical data; Food advertising; Food Industry - legislation & jurisprudence; Food Industry - standards; Food service; Healthy food; Humans; Marketing; Marketing - standards; Marketing - statistics & numerical data; Noncompliance; Nutrients; Obesity; Regulation; Self regulation; Social Control, Informal; Spain; Suitability; Television; Youth; Spain; Food advertising; Childhood obesity; Children; Marketing
• ISSN: 0033-3506; 1476-5616
• DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2017.05.013

To evaluate compliance levels with the Spanish Code of self-regulation of food and drinks advertising directed at children under the age of 12 years (Publicidad, Actividad, Obesidad, Salud [PAOS] Code) in 2012; and compare these against the figures for 2008. Cross-sectional study. Television advertisements of food and drinks (AFD) were recorded over 7 days in 2012 (8am–midnight) of five Spanish channels popular to children. AFD were classified as core (nutrient-rich/low-calorie products), non-core (nutrient-poor/rich-calorie products) or miscellaneous. Compliance with each standard of the PAOS Code was evaluated. AFD were deemed to be fully compliant when it met all the standards. Two thousand five hundred and eighty-two AFDs came within the purview of the PAOS Code. Some of the standards that registered the highest levels of non-compliance were those regulating the suitability of the information presented (79.4%) and those prohibiting the use of characters popular with children (25%). Overall non-compliance with the Code was greater in 2012 than in 2008 (88.3% vs 49.3%). Non-compliance was highest for advertisements screened on children's/youth channels (92.3% vs. 81.5%; P < 0.001) and for those aired outside the enhanced protection time slot (89.3% vs. 86%; P = 0.015). Non-compliance with the PAOS Code is higher than for 2008. Given the lack of effectiveness of self-regulation, a statutory system should be adopted to ban AFD directed at minors, or at least restrict it to healthy products. •Non-compliance with the PAOS Code is higher than for 2008.•Techniques used by the industry to target minors have been increased.•There is a lack of effectiveness of self-regulation in Spain.•A statutory system is needed to ban unhealthy food and drink advertisements.