Rate-Distortion-Authentication Optimized Streaming of Authenticated Video

• Published in: IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for video technology Vol. 17; no. 5; pp. 544 - 557
• Main Authors: Zhishou Zhang, Qibin Sun, Wai-Choong Wong, Apostolopoulos, J., Wee, S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY IEEE 01.05.2007; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Applied sciences; Authentication; Butterfly; Channel capacity; Computational modeling; Cryptography; Decoding; Detection, estimation, filtering, equalization, prediction; digital signature; Displays; Exact sciences and technology; Information, signal and communications theory; Optimization techniques; Processor scheduling; PSNR; R-D optimization; R-D-A optimization; Radiocommunications; Rate-distortion; Signal and communications theory; Signal, noise; stream authentication; Streaming media; Studies; Sun; Switching and signalling; Systems, networks and services of telecommunications; Telecommunications; Telecommunications and information theory; Transmitters. Receivers; Performance evaluation; Streaming; R-D-A optimization; Packet switching; Channel capacity; Butterfly; Video signal; Rate distortion theory; Video technique; Receiver; R-D optimization; Scheduling; Algorithm; Information transmission; Optimization; Research and development; Image quality; Simulation; Authentication; Digital signature; Transmission rate; stream authentication; Signal to noise ratio
• ISSN: 1051-8215; 1558-2205
• DOI: 10.1109/TCSVT.2006.888822

We define authenticated video as decoded video that results from those received packets whose authenticities have been verified. Generic data stream authentication methods usually impose overhead and dependency among packets for verification. Therefore, the conventional rate-distortion (R-D) optimized video streaming techniques produce highly sub-optimal R-D performance for authenticated video, since they do not account for the overhead and additional dependencies for authentication. In this paper, we study this practical problem and propose an Rate-Distortion-Authentication (R-D-A) optimized streaming technique for authenticated video. Based on packets' importance in terms of both video quality and authentication dependencies, the proposed technique computes a packet transmission schedule that minimizes the expected end-to-end distortion of the authenticated video at the receiver subject to a constraint on the average transmission rate. Simulation results based on H.264 JM 10.2 and NS-2 demonstrate that our proposed R-D-A optimized streaming technique substantially outperforms both prior (authentication-unaware) R-D optimized streaming techniques and data stream authentication techniques. In particular, when the channel capacity is below the source rate, the PSNR of authenticated video quickly drops to unacceptable levels using conventional R-D optimized streaming techniques, while the proposed R-D-A Optimization technique still maintains optimized video quality. Furthermore, we examine a low-complexity version of the proposed algorithm, and also an enhanced version which accounts for the multiple deadlines associated with each packet, which is introduced by stream authentication