Evaluating the cytotoxicity of Ge-Sb-Se chalcogenide glass optical fibres on 3T3 mouse fibroblasts
In vivo cancer detection based on the mid-infrared molecular fingerprint of tissue is promising for the fast diagnosis and treatment of suspected cancer patients. Few materials are mid-infrared transmissive, even fewer, which can be converted into functional, low-loss optical fibres for in vivo non-...
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Published in | RSC advances Vol. 11; no. 15; pp. 8682 - 8693 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
England
Royal Society of Chemistry
25.02.2021
The Royal Society of Chemistry |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | In vivo
cancer detection based on the mid-infrared molecular fingerprint of tissue is promising for the fast diagnosis and treatment of suspected cancer patients. Few materials are mid-infrared transmissive, even fewer, which can be converted into functional, low-loss optical fibres for
in vivo
non-invasive testing. Chalcogenide-based glass optical fibres are, however, one of the few. These glasses are transmissive in the mid-infrared and are currently under development for use in molecular sensing devices. The cytotoxicity of these materials is however unknown. The cytotoxicity of Ge-Sb-Se chalcogenide optical glass fibres on 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells is here investigated. Fibres exposed to four different pre-treatment conditions are used: as-drawn (AD), propylamine-etched (PE), oxidised-and-washed (OW) and oxidised (Ox). To achieve the latter two conditions, fibres are treated with H
2
O
2
(aqueous (aq.)) and dried to produce a surface oxide layer; this is either washed off (OW) or left on the glass surface (Ox). Cellular response is investigated
via
3 day elution and 14 day direct contact trials. The concentration of the metalloids (Ge, Sb and Se) in each leachate was measured
via
inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cell viability is assessed using the neutral red assay and scanning electron microscopy. The concentration of Ge, Sb and Se ions after a 3 day dissolution was as follows. In AD leachates, Ge: 0.40 mg L
−1
, Sb: 0.17 mg L
−1
, and Se: 0.06 mg L
−1
. In PE leachates, Ge: 0.22 mg L
−1
, Sb: 0.15 mg L
−1
, and Se: 0.02 mg L
−1
. In Ox leachates, Ge: 823.8 mg L
−1
, Sb: 2586.6 mg L
−1
, and Se: 3750 mg L
−1
. Direct contact trials show confluent cell layers on AD, PE and OW fibres after 14 days, while no cells are observed on the Ox surfaces. A >50% cell viability is observed in AD, PE and OW eluates after 3 days, when compared with Ox eluates (<10% cell viability). Toxicity in Ox is attributed to the notable pH change, from neutral pH 7.49 to acidic pH 2.44, that takes place on dissolution of the surface oxide layer in the growth media. We conclude, as-prepared Ge-Sb-Se glasses are cytocompatible and toxicity arises when an oxide layer is forced to develop on the glass surface.
We present a study that aims to evaluate the cytotoxicity of Ge
20
Sb10Se
70
at% glass optical fibres on 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells. To observe the toxicity of these optical fibres, 3T3 fibroblast proliferation was investigated. |
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Bibliography: | 10.1039/d0ra00353k Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
ISSN: | 2046-2069 2046-2069 |
DOI: | 10.1039/d0ra00353k |