Expanding the PET radioisotope universe utilizing solid targets on small medical cyclotrons
Molecular imaging with medical radioisotopes enables the minimally-invasive monitoring of aberrant biochemical, cellular and tissue-level processes in living subjects. The approach requires the administration of radiotracers composed of radioisotopes attached to bioactive molecules, the pairing of w...
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| Published in | RSC advances Vol. 11; no. 49; pp. 3198 - 31123 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
Royal Society of Chemistry
21.09.2021
The Royal Society of Chemistry |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Summary: | Molecular imaging with medical radioisotopes enables the minimally-invasive monitoring of aberrant biochemical, cellular and tissue-level processes in living subjects. The approach requires the administration of radiotracers composed of radioisotopes attached to bioactive molecules, the pairing of which considers several aspects of the radioisotope in addition to the biological behavior of the targeting molecule to which it is attached. With the advent of modern cellular and biochemical techniques, there has been a virtual explosion in potential disease recognition antigens as well as targeting moieties, which has subsequently opened new applications for a host of emerging radioisotopes with well-matched properties. Additionally, the global radioisotope production landscape has changed rapidly, with reactor-based production and its long-defined, large-scale centralized manufacturing and distribution paradigm shifting to include the manufacture and distribution of many radioisotopes
via
a worldwide fleet of cyclotrons now in operation. Cyclotron-based radioisotope production has become more prevalent given the commercial availability of instruments, coupled with the introduction of new target hardware, process automation and target manufacturing methods. These advances enable sustained, higher-power irradiation of solid targets that allow hospital-based radiopharmacies to produce a suite of radioisotopes that drive research, clinical trials, and ultimately clinical care. Over the years, several different radioisotopes have been investigated and/or selected for radiolabeling due to favorable decay characteristics (
i.e.
a suitable half-life, high probability of positron decay,
etc.
), well-elucidated chemistry, and a feasible production framework. However, longer-lived radioisotopes have surged in popularity given recent regulatory approvals and incorporation of radiopharmaceuticals into patient management within the medical community. This review focuses on the applications, nuclear properties, and production and purification methods for some of the most frequently used/emerging positron-emitting, solid-target-produced radioisotopes that can be manufactured using small-to-medium size cyclotrons (≤24 MeV).
The production of novel radioisotopes on small-to-medium cyclotrons equipped with solid targets will be vital to meet the demand of theragnostics research. |
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| Bibliography: | Tc in response to the 2007-2009 supply crises. 68 Paul Schaffer obtained his PhD (Chemistry) in 2003 from McMaster University, after which he transitioned to become a Research Associate at McMaster Nuclear Reactor. This was followed by a role of Lead Scientist at GE Global Research. Since 2009, he has served as Associate Laboratory Director, Life Sciences at TRIUMF since 2012. Dr Schaffer is an Associate Professor in Radiology at the University of British Columbia, an adjunct professor in Chemistry at Simon Fraser University and is affiliated with the Research Center for Nuclear Physics at Osaka University. Dr Schaffer now serves as Chief Technology of ARTMS, Inc.; a spin-off company resulting from his research in large-scale cyclotron-based production of Michael Cross is a co-founder and COO of ARTMS Inc. where he is responsible for overseeing operational activities, establishing regulatory and clinical strategies, and innovator and research collaborations. Previously Michael was General Manager at the Centre for Probe Development and Commercialization (McMaster University). Michael has over 20 years of healthcare and life science industry experience. Michael co-founded and was COO/CBO of OncoSec Medical and was also the SVP and co-lead of a $330 M life sciences venture fund. Michael received his PhD in physiology and MBA from the University of Toronto and was a post-doctoral fellow with the Department of National Defence. Justin Hicks is a research scientist focusing on radiochemistry for molecular imaging applications to investigate pressing biomedical questions. He received a MSc in Keller Joshell Hadassah George obtained her BSc in chemical engineering at the Illinois Institute of Technology in 2013. She then obtained her MESc and PhD at Western University in 2015 and 2019 respectively. She currently holds a Mitacs Accelerate Postdoctoral Fellowship at Western University/ARTMS, and her research focuses on the optimization of separation methods for cyclotron-produced Tc chemistry under Dr John Valliant at McMaster University (2010). He then completed a PhD on PET tracer development with Drs Alan Wilson and Neil Vasdev at the University of Toronto (2015). Dr Hicks then joined the Lawson Health Research Institute cyclotron as a radiochemist to translate clinical PERS, followed in 2016 by appointments as a Lawson Scientist and Assistant Professor in Medical Biophysics at Western University. Ga on solid targets. Sogol Borjian received a BSc (2005) and MSc (2007) in Polymer Engineering from Amirkabir University of Technology in Tehran, Iran. She then received a PhD (2014) in Organometallic Chemistry from Queen's University in Kingston, ON, where her research focused on developing new palladium catalysts for pharmaceutical applications. She followed with an Industrial Postdoctoral Fellowship in collaboration with ABB (Zurich) where her research focused on developing novel thin films for selective chemical sensing using micro-optical devices. Sogol joined ARTMS Inc. in 2018 and is currently responsible for managing the Chemistry and Target Production teams, overseeing the development and commercialization of medical radioisotopes used in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Michael Kovacs received his PhD (Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry) from the University of British Columbia in 2001. Under an NSERC Industrial Fellowship, he worked at Advanced Cyclotron Systems Inc (ACSI) where he lead research and development work on automated radiochemistry synthesis and cyclotron targetry. He was recruited as a Scientist by the Lawson Health Research Institute in 2003 to create a PET cyclotron and radiochemistry research program (founded 2010). Dr Kovacs is currently the Director of the Lawson Cyclotron and is Assistant Professor in Medical Imaging and Medical Biophysics at Western University. His research interests include the production and application of metal ions to PET imaging. 99m ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1 |
| ISSN: | 2046-2069 2046-2069 |
| DOI: | 10.1039/d1ra04480j |