Extraction, preliminary characterization and immunostimulatory activity in vitro of a polysaccharide isolated from Strongylocentrotus nudus eggs

• Published in: Carbohydrate polymers Vol. 111; pp. 576 - 583
• Main Authors: Ma, Yihua, Xing, Yingying, Mi, Huiwen, Guo, Zhenquan, Lu, Yuanyuan, Xi, Tao
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 13.10.2014; Elsevier
• Subjects: Adjuvants, Immunologic - chemistry; Adjuvants, Immunologic - isolation & purification; Adjuvants, Immunologic - pharmacology; Animals; Applied sciences; Biological and medical sciences; Cell Line; Characterization; Cytokines - genetics; Cytokines - immunology; Exact sciences and technology; Immunomodulators; Immunostimulatory activity; Macrophages - drug effects; Macrophages - immunology; Macrophages - metabolism; Medical sciences; Mice; Nitric Oxide - immunology; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II - genetics; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II - immunology; Organic polymers; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Physicochemistry of polymers; Polysaccharides - chemistry; Polysaccharides - isolation & purification; Polysaccharides - pharmacology; Properties and characterization; Reactive Oxygen Species - immunology; Response surface methodology; Sea urchin; SEP-2; Strongylocentrotus - chemistry; Strongylocentrotus nudus; Thermal and thermodynamic properties; Transcriptional Activation - drug effects; Up-Regulation - drug effects; Characterization; SEP-2; Response surface methodology; Sea urchin; Immunostimulatory activity; Molecular structure; Echinodermata; Solvent extraction; Optimization; Echinoidea; Weight average molecular weight; Strongylocentrotus nudus; Egg; Cytokine; Animal origin; Experimental study; Gene expression; In vitro; Biological activity; Operating conditions; Water soluble compound; Immunostimulant agent; Nitric oxide; Oside polymer; Invertebrata; Macrophage
• ISSN: 0144-8617; 1879-1344
• DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.04.010

•Extraction of SEP-2 from Strongylocentrotus nudus eggs was optimized by RSM.•SEP-2 was a d-glucan with a molecular weight of 6.78×105Da.•Immunostimulatory effect of SEP-2 was evaluated in macrophage cell line RAW264.7. A new water-soluble polysaccharide (SEP-2), with a molecular weight of 6.78×105Da, was isolated from Strongylocentrotus nudus eggs under the extraction conditions optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Preliminary characterization of SEP-2 was performed by HPSEC and GC–MS, indicating that SEP-2 could be a d-glucan containing a (1→4)-linked d-Glcp backbone with (1→3)-linked d-Glcp side chains. In subsequent immunostimulatory studies, significantly enhanced ROS level, NO production and inflammatory cytokines secretion (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) were observed in SEP-2 treated murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7. These results suggest that SEP-2 might have the capability to enhance the microbicidal activity and killing function of macrophages through the polarization toward the pro-inflammatory M1 state.