Using sulfur bridge oxidation to control electronic coupling and photochemistry in covalent anthracene dimers

• Published in: Chemical science (Cambridge) Vol. 1; no. 32; pp. 7561 - 7573
• Main Authors: Cruz, Chad D, Yuan, Jennifer, Climent, Clàudia, Tierce, Nathan T, Christensen, Peter R, Chronister, Eric L, Casanova, David, Wolf, Michael O, Bardeen, Christopher J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Royal Society of Chemistry 28.08.2019
• Subjects: Anthracene; Charge transfer; Chemistry; Chromophores; Coupling (molecular); Covalence; Dimers; Electron states; Electronic properties; Electronic structure; Internal conversion; Molecular orbitals; Organic chemistry; Oxidation; Photochemistry; Photoexcitation; Polarity; Sulfur; Valence
• ISSN: 2041-6520; 2041-6539
• DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05598j

Covalently tethered bichromophores provide an ideal proving ground to develop strategies for controlling excited state behavior in chromophore assemblies. In this work, optical spectroscopy and electronic structure theory are combined to demonstrate that the oxidation state of a sulfur linker between anthracene chromophores gives control over not only the photophysics but also the photochemistry of the molecules. Altering the oxidation state of the sulfur linker does not change the geometry between chromophores, allowing electronic effects between chromophores to be isolated. Previously, we showed that excitonic states in sulfur-bridged terthiophene dimers were modulated by electronic screening of the sulfur lone pairs, but that the sulfur orbitals were not directly involved in these states. In the bridged anthracene dimers that are the subject of the current paper, the atomic orbitals of the unoxidized S linker can actively mix with the anthracene molecular orbitals to form new electronic states with enhanced charge transfer character, different excitonic coupling, and rapid (sub-nanosecond) intersystem crossing that depends on solvent polarity. However, the fully oxidized SO 2 bridge restores purely through-space electronic coupling between anthracene chromophores and inhibits intersystem crossing. Photoexcitation leads to either internal conversion on a sub-20 picosecond timescale, or to the creation of a long-lived emissive state that is the likely precursor of the intramolecular [4 + 4] photodimerization. These results illustrate how chemical modification of a single atom in the covalent bridge can dramatically alter not only the photophysics but also the photochemistry of molecules. For anthracene dimers bridged by a sulfur atom, modulating the sulfur oxidation state profoundly affects excited state behavior. The SO 2 -bridge supports long-lived states and photodimerization, while the S-bridge undergoes intersystem crossing.