Effect of dietary interventions on the intestinal microbiota of Mongolian hosts

• Published in: Science bulletin (Beijing) Vol. 61; no. 20; pp. 1605 - 1614
• Main Authors: Li, Jing, Xu, Haiyan, Sun, Zhihong, Hou, Qiangchuan, Kwok, Lai-Yu, Laga, Wuri, Wang, Yanjie, Ma, Huimin, Yu, Zhongjie, Menghe, Bilige, Zhang, Heping
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Beijing Elsevier B.V 01.10.2016; Science China Press; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Bacteria; Bacteroides fragilis; Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron; Biodiversity; Carbohydrates; Chemistry/Food Science; Diet; Diet intervention; Digestive system; Earth Sciences; Engineering; Eubacterium ventriosum; Gastrointestinal tract; genotype; Gut microbiota; High fat diet; High protein diet; hosts; Humanities and Social Sciences; Intervention; Intestinal microflora; intestinal microorganisms; Intestine; Life Sciences; Meals; Meat; Mongolian; multidisciplinary; nutritional intervention; Oats; Oscillospira; PacBio single molecule real-time sequencing technology (SMRT sequencing); Physics; Proteobacteria; rice; Roseburia faecis; Ruminococcus albus; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Streptococcus; Substrates; Switching; Tenericutes; Wheat; Gut microbiota; Mongolian; Diet intervention; PacBio single molecule real-time sequencing technology (SMRT sequencing)
• ISSN: 2095-9273; 2095-9281
• DOI: 10.1007/s11434-016-1173-0

The gut microbiota of Mongolian hosts has distinctive characteristics due to their meat- and dairy- oriented daily diets and unique genotype. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of switching from the typical high protein and fat Mongolian diets to carbohydrate-rich meals composed principally of wheat, rice and naked oats on the host gut microbiota within 3 weeks. Our study took the advantage of the long sequence reads produced by the PacBio single molecule real-time sequencing technology to enable the profiling of subjects＇ gut microbiota communities along the diet intervention to the species precision. We found that the bacterial richness and diversity decreased apparently along the diet intervention. During the diet intervention, the gut microbiota composition displayed no significant difference at phylum level （with major phyla of Firmicutes, Bac- teroidetes, Tenericutes and Proteobacteria）. The relative abundances of some genera such as Bacteroidetes, Fae- calibacterium, Roseburia, Alistipes, Streptococcus, and Oscillospira were significantly altered after the diet switching started. Notably, significant changes were also observed in the proportions of the species Bacteroides dorei, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus faecis, Roseburiafaecis and Eubacterium ventriosum. These results have demonstrated that diet and host gut microbiota is closely linked.