Problems in the fingerprints based polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons source apportionment analysis and a practical solution

• Published in: Environmental pollution (1987) Vol. 205; pp. 394 - 402
• Main Authors: Zou, Yonghong, Wang, Lixia, Christensen, Erik R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.10.2015
• Subjects: Bayes Theorem; Bayesian; Bayesian analysis; Combustion; Environmental Monitoring - methods; Fingerprints; Freshwater; Geologic Sediments - analysis; Geologic Sediments - chemistry; Illinois; Models, Theoretical; Pollution sources; Polyallylamine hydrochloride; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - analysis; Positive matrix factorization (PMF); Principal Component Analysis; Principal component analysis (PCA); Rivers; Rivers - chemistry; Sediments; Source apportionment analysis; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis; USA, Arkansas, Illinois R; Positive matrix factorization (PMF); Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); Fingerprints; Source apportionment analysis; Principal component analysis (PCA); Bayesian
• ISSN: 0269-7491; 1873-6424
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.05.029

This work intended to explain the challenges of the fingerprints based source apportionment method for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the aquatic environment, and to illustrate a practical and robust solution. The PAH data detected in the sediment cores from the Illinois River provide the basis of this study. Principal component analysis (PCA) separates PAH compounds into two groups reflecting their possible airborne transport patterns; but it is not able to suggest specific sources. Not all positive matrix factorization (PMF) determined sources are distinguishable due to the variability of source fingerprints. However, they constitute useful suggestions for inputs for a Bayesian chemical mass balance (CMB) analysis. The Bayesian CMB analysis takes into account the measurement errors as well as the variations of source fingerprints, and provides a credible source apportionment. Major PAH sources for Illinois River sediments are traffic (35%), coke oven (24%), coal combustion (18%), and wood combustion (14%). •Fingerprint variability poses challenges in PAH source apportionment analysis.•PCA can be used to group compounds or cluster measurements.•PMF requires results validation but is useful for source suggestion.•Bayesian CMB provide practical and credible solution. A Bayesian CMB model combined with PMF is a practical and credible fingerprints based PAH source apportionment method.