NK cells that are activated by CXCL10 can kill dormant tumor cells that resist CTL-mediated lysis and can express B7-H1 that stimulates T cells

• Published in: Blood Vol. 105; no. 6; pp. 2428 - 2435
• Main Authors: Saudemont, Aurore, Jouy, Nathalie, Hetuin, Dominique, Quesnel, Bruno
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington, DC Elsevier Inc 15.03.2005; The Americain Society of Hematology
• Subjects: Animals; Antineoplastic agents; B7-1 Antigen - biosynthesis; B7-1 Antigen - immunology; B7-H1 Antigen; Biological and medical sciences; Cancer Vaccines - administration & dosage; Cancer Vaccines - genetics; Cancer Vaccines - immunology; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Chemokine CXCL10; Chemokines, CXC - biosynthesis; Chemokines, CXC - genetics; Chemokines, CXC - immunology; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic - genetics; Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic - immunology; Hematologic and hematopoietic diseases; Humans; Immunotherapy; Interferon-gamma - biosynthesis; Interferon-gamma - immunology; Killer Cells, Natural - immunology; Killer Cells, Natural - metabolism; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - genetics; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - immunology; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - metabolism; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - therapy; Leukemias. Malignant lymphomas. Malignant reticulosis. Myelofibrosis; Lymphocyte Depletion; Medical sciences; Membrane Glycoproteins - antagonists & inhibitors; Membrane Glycoproteins - biosynthesis; Membrane Glycoproteins - immunology; Mice; Peptides - antagonists & inhibitors; Peptides - immunology; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic - immunology; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic - metabolism; Transduction, Genetic; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - biosynthesis; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - immunology; Vaccination; Antineoplastic agent; Cytolysis; Animal model; Immune response; Hematology; CXCL10 chemokine; Acute; Rodentia; Malignant hemopathy; Costimulatory molecule; Natural killer cell; Dormancy; B7-H1 Molecule; Vertebrata; Mammalia; Mouse; Immunotherapy; T-Lymphocyte; CXC chemokine; Cytotoxic T lymphocyte; Tumor cell; Acute myelocytic leukemia
• ISSN: 0006-4971; 1528-0020
• DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-09-3458

Tumor dormancy is a phenomenon where small numbers of tumor cells persist in the host for months or years. We previously showed in the DA1-3b/C3H mouse model of acute myeloid leukemia that dormant tumor cells resist cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)–mediated killing because they overexpress B7-H1. Here, we vaccinated mice with DA1-3b cells transduced with CXCL10. Vaccinated mice developed a strong systemic immunity that led to the cure of established leukemia without persistence of dormant tumor cells. In vivo depletion of natural killer (NK) cells from the mice abrogated the protective effect of the vaccine. Long-term persistent leukemic cells resist CTL-mediated lysis but were killed by NK cells from mice vaccinated with DA1-3b/CXCL10. These NK cells expressed B7-H1. Recombinant CXCL10, CXCL9, CXCL11, and CXCL12 chemokines induced expression of B7-H1 on mouse and human NK cells in vitro. Mouse and human B7-H1+ NK cells induced proliferation of T cells and production of interferon γ and tumor necrosis factor α in vitro, and in vivo blocking of B7-H1 inhibited the protective effect of vaccination. Thus, CXCL10 induces antileukemic immunity, at least partially by stimulating NK cells to express B7-H1+. This antitumor effect is in contrast to the effect of B7-H1 when expressed on tumor cells because it stops cytotoxic lymphocytes from killing those tumor cells.