How well do we know Gradenigo? A comprehensive literature review and proposal for novel diagnostic categories of Gradenigo's syndrome

Gradenigo's Syndrome is a rare complication of otitis media and/or mastoiditis resulting in inflammation of the petrous apex of the temporal bone. Here, we highlight an interesting case from our institution, summarize available pediatric cases from the past fifty years to provide an updated dia...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inInternational journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology Vol. 132; p. 109942
Main Authors McLaren, John, Cohen, Michael S., El Saleeby, Chadi M.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Ireland Elsevier B.V 01.05.2020
Subjects
Child, Preschool
Female
Gradenigo's syndrome
Humans
Mastoiditis - complications
Otitis Media - complications
Pediatrics
Petrositis - classification
Petrositis - diagnosis
Petrositis - etiology
Petrous apicitis
Pediatrics
PA
SD
MRI
Petrous apicitis
CN
GS
Gradenigo's syndrome
OM
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Summary:Gradenigo's Syndrome is a rare complication of otitis media and/or mastoiditis resulting in inflammation of the petrous apex of the temporal bone. Here, we highlight an interesting case from our institution, summarize available pediatric cases from the past fifty years to provide an updated diagnostic categorization for this rare condition with confusing nomenclature, and suggest guidance for diagnosis and management. •Consider GS when acute CN VI palsy is present with at least one additional sign/symptom of the original GS triad.•Diagnosis should include urgent neuroimaging with contrast ± angiography.•Therapy should include broad spectrum antibiotics with CNS penetration ± surgery.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Case Study-3
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
content type line 23
ObjectType-Review-1
ObjectType-Feature-5
ObjectType-Report-2
ObjectType-Article-4
ISSN:0165-5876
1872-8464
DOI:10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.109942