Influence of compaction and surface roughness on low-energy ion scattering signals

• Published in: Surface and interface analysis Vol. 36; no. 11; pp. 1469 - 1478
• Main Authors: Jansen, W. P. A., Knoester, A., Maas, A. J. H., Schmit, P., Kytökivi, A., Denier v.d. Gon, A. W., Brongersma, H. H.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Chichester, UK John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 01.11.2004; Wiley
• Subjects: compaction; Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties; Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties; Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology; Exact sciences and technology; ISS; LEIS; neutralization; Physics; surface roughness; LEIS; Scanning electron microscopy; Gold; Gallium; Inorganic compounds; neutralization; Roughness; ISS; Surface analysis; Surface composition; surface roughness; Ion scattering analysis; Silicon oxides; Transition elements; Powder compaction; compaction; Surface layers
• ISSN: 0142-2421; 1096-9918
• DOI: 10.1002/sia.1921

Investigation of the surface composition of powders often requires compaction. To study the effect of compaction on surface analysis, samples have been compacted at various pressures ranging from 0 Pa (i.e. no compaction) up to 2000 MPa (2 × 104 kg cm−2) Low‐energy ion scattering (LEIS) was used to determine the composition of the outermost atomic surface layer. Using scanning electron microscopy, changes in the morphology due to compaction have been detected in the SiO2 test samples. The LEIS yield of a compacted silica powder is found to be independent of the applied pressure during compaction between 2 MPa and 2000 MPa (2 × 104 kg cm−2). Analysis of a submonolayer of Ta2O5 on a silica support shows that the composition of the outermost atomic layer is not changed after compaction up to a pressure of at least 300 MPa. When compaction is applied, the absolute LEIS yield appears to be independent of the specific surface area of silica supports in the range 50–380 m2 g−1. A minor difference in LEIS signals is observed between compacted silica supports and flat quartz samples. In order to determine the surface roughness factor independently, and to study the material dependence of the surface roughness factor, angle‐dependent LEIS measurements have been carried out on oxidized silicon, gallium and gold surfaces. The results on the oxidized silicon confirm the small influence of surface roughness for silica particles, whereas measurements on the more closely packed metallic gallium and gold surfaces indicate a significant surface roughness effect. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.