Maternal and Newborn Vitamin D-Binding Protein, Vitamin D Levels, Vitamin D Receptor Genotype, and Childhood Type 1 Diabetes

• Published in: Diabetes care Vol. 42; no. 4; pp. 553 - 559
• Main Authors: Tapia, German, Mårild, Karl, Dahl, Sandra R, Lund-Blix, Nicolai A, Viken, Marte K, Lie, Benedicte A, Njølstad, Pål R, Joner, Geir, Skrivarhaug, Torild, Cohen, Arieh S, Størdal, Ketil, Stene, Lars C
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Diabetes Association 01.04.2019
• Subjects: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D; 7-Dehydrocholesterol reductase; Adolescent; Adult; Age of Onset; Birth; Blood; Case-Control Studies; Child; Children; Cohort Studies; Cord blood; Design modifications; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes mellitus (insulin dependent); Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - blood; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - epidemiology; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - genetics; DNA Mutational Analysis; Epidemiology/Health Services Research; Female; Genes; Genetic diversity; Genetic variance; Genotype; Genotype & phenotype; Genotypes; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Levels; Liquid chromatography; Male; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Metabolism; Newborn babies; Norway - epidemiology; Offspring; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Pregnancy; Proteins; Radioimmunoassay; Receptors, Calcitriol - genetics; Regression analysis; Research design; Risk; Vitamin D; Vitamin D - analogs & derivatives; Vitamin D - blood; Vitamin D receptors; Vitamin D-Binding Protein - blood; Young Adult; Norway
• ISSN: 0149-5992; 1935-5548
• DOI: 10.2337/dc18-2176

Circumstantial evidence links 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D], vitamin D-binding protein (DBP), vitamin D-associated genes, and type 1 diabetes (T1D), but no studies have jointly analyzed these. We aimed to investigate whether DBP levels during pregnancy or at birth were associated with offspring T1D and whether vitamin D pathway genetic variants modified associations between DBP, 25(OH)D, and T1D. From a cohort of >100,000 mother/child pairs, we analyzed 189 pairs where the child later developed T1D and 576 random control pairs. We measured 25(OH)D using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and DBP using polyclonal radioimmunoassay, in cord blood and maternal plasma samples collected at delivery and midpregnancy. We genotyped mother and child for variants in or near genes involved in vitamin D metabolism ( , , , , , and ). Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for potential confounders. Higher maternal DBP levels at delivery, but not in other samples, were associated with lower offspring T1D risk (OR 0.86 [95% CI 0.74-0.98] per μmol/L increase). Higher cord blood 25(OH)D levels were associated with lower T1D risk (OR = 0.87 [95% CI 0.77-0.98] per 10 nmol/L increase) in children carrying the rs11568820 G/G genotype ( = 0.01 between 25(OH)D level and rs11568820). We did not detect other gene-environment interactions. Higher maternal DBP level at delivery may decrease offspring T1D risk. Increased 25(OH)D levels at birth may decrease T1D risk, depending on genotype. These findings should be replicated in other studies. Future studies of vitamin D and T1D should include genotype and DBP levels.