Two-channel autofluorescence analysis for oral cancer

• Published in: Journal of biomedical optics Vol. 24; no. 5; p. 1
• Main Authors: Huang, Tze-Ta, Chen, Ken-Chung, Wong, Tung-Yiu, Chen, Chih-Yang, Chen, Wang-Ch, Chen, Yi-Chun, Chang, Ming-Hsuan, Wu, Dong-Yuan, Huang, Teng-Yi, Nioka, Shoko, Chung, Pau-Choo, Huang, Jehn-Shyun
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States S P I E - International Society for 01.05.2019; Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers
• Subjects: Adenine; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Algorithms; Biopsy; Cameras; Cancer; Discriminant Analysis; Electromagnetic wave filters; Female; Flavin; Flavin-adenine dinucleotide; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide - analysis; Heterogeneity; Humans; Lesions; Light emitting diodes; Male; Metabolism; Metabolites; Middle Aged; Mouth Mucosa - diagnostic imaging; Mouth Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging; NAD; NAD - metabolism; NADH; Nicotinamide; Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; Oral cancer; Patients; Radiation; Registration; Sensitivity analysis; Sensitivity and Specificity; Special Section on Metabolic Imaging and Spectroscopy: Britton Chance 105th Birthday Commemorative; Spectrometry, Fluorescence - methods; Standard deviation; Wavelengths; Young Adult; cancer detection; autofluorescence; oral cancer; redox ratio
• ISSN: 1083-3668; 1560-2281; 1560-2281
• DOI: 10.1117/1.JBO.24.5.051402

We created a two-channel autofluorescence test to detect oral cancer. The wavelengths 375 and 460 nm, with filters of 479 and 525 nm, were designed to excite and detect reduced-form nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) autofluorescence. Patients with oral cancer or with precancerous lesions, and a control group with healthy oral mucosae, were enrolled. The lesion in the autofluorescent image was the region of interest. The average intensity and heterogeneity of the NADH and FAD were calculated. The redox ratio [(NADH)/(NADH + FAD)] was also computed. A quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) was used to compute boundaries based on sensitivity and specificity. We analyzed 49 oral cancer lesions, 34 precancerous lesions, and 77 healthy oral mucosae. A boundary (sensitivity: 0.974 and specificity: 0.898) between the oral cancer lesions and healthy oral mucosae was validated. Oral cancer and precancerous lesions were also differentiated from healthy oral mucosae (sensitivity: 0.919 and specificity: 0.755). The two-channel autofluorescence detection device and analyses of the intensity and heterogeneity of NADH, and of FAD, and the redox ratio combined with a QDA classifier can differentiate oral cancer and precancerous lesions from healthy oral mucosae.