A systematic review of synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors and their structure-activity relationship

• Published in: Critical reviews in food science and nutrition Vol. 62; no. 15; pp. 4053 - 4094
• Main Authors: Peng, Zhiyun, Wang, Guangcheng, Zeng, Qiao-Hui, Li, Yufeng, Liu, Haiquan, Wang, Jing Jing, Zhao, Yong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Taylor & Francis 2022; Taylor & Francis Ltd
• Subjects: Antibacterial agents; Antibiotic resistance; Antibiotics; Antiinfectives and antibacterials; Chemical compounds; Cytotoxicity; Enzymes; Inhibitors; Insecticide resistance; Insecticides; Melanin; Microorganisms; molecular docking; Neurodegeneration; neurodegenerative diseases; nutrition; Oxidation; Pharmaceutical industry; Pharmacology; Sclerotization; Skin resistance; structure-activity relationship; structure-activity relationships; synthetic compounds; systematic review; Therapeutic targets; therapeutics; Toxicity; Tyrosinase; Tyrosinase inhibitors; Tyrosinase inhibitors; synthetic compounds; molecular docking; structure-activity relationship
• ISSN: 1040-8398; 1549-7852; 1549-7852
• DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1871724

Tyrosinase is a copper-containing oxidation enzyme, which is responsible for the production of melanin. This enzyme is widely distributed in microorganisms, animals and plants, and plays an essential role in undesirable browning of fruits and vegetables, antibiotic resistance, skin pigment formation, sclerotization of cuticle, neurodegeneration, etc. Hence, it has been recognized as a therapeutic target for the development of antibrowning agents, antibacterial agents, skin-whitening agents, insecticides, and other therapeutic agents. With great potential application in food, agricultural, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, a large number of synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors have been widely reported in recent years. In this review, we systematically summarized the advances of synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors in the literatures, including their inhibitory activity, cytotoxicity, structure-activity relationship (SAR), inhibition kinetics, and interaction mechanisms with the enzyme. The collected information is expected to provide a rational guidance and effective strategy to develop novel, potent and safe tyrosinase inhibitors for better practical applications in the future.