A Method for Ferulic Acid Production from Rice Bran Oil Soapstock Using a Homogenous System

Ferulic acid (FA) is widely used as an antioxidant, e.g., as a Ultraviolet (UV) protectant in cosmetics and in various medical applications. It has been produced by the hydrolysis of γ-oryzanol found in rice bran oil soapstock. In this study, the base-catalyzed, homogenous hydrolysis of γ-oryzanol w...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inApplied sciences Vol. 7; no. 8; p. 796
Main Authors Truong, Hoa, Do Van, Manh, Duc Huynh, Long, Thi Nguyen, Linh, Do Tuan, Anh, Le Xuan Thanh, Thao, Duong Phuoc, Hung, Takenaka, Norimichi, Imamura, Kiyoshi, Maeda, Yasuaki
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 05.08.2017
Subjects
Acetic acid
Acid production
Antioxidants
cis-trans isomerization
Cosmetics
Ethanol
Ethyl acetate
Ferulic acid
Heating
homogeneous reaction
Hydrolysis
Irradiation
Oil
Potash
Potassium
Potassium hydroxide
Potassium hydroxides
Rice bran
Rice bran oil
soapstock
Solvents
Ultrasonic imaging
Ultrasound
ultrasound-assisted hydrolysis
Vegetable oils
Yield
γ-oryzanol
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Summary:Ferulic acid (FA) is widely used as an antioxidant, e.g., as a Ultraviolet (UV) protectant in cosmetics and in various medical applications. It has been produced by the hydrolysis of γ-oryzanol found in rice bran oil soapstock. In this study, the base-catalyzed, homogenous hydrolysis of γ-oryzanol was conducted using various ratios of potassium hydroxide (KOH) to γ-oryzanol, initial concentrations of γ-oryzanol in the reaction mixture, and ratios of ethanol (EtOH) (as cosolvent)/ethyl acetate (EtOAc) (γ-oryzanol solution). Acceleration of the reaction using a planar type of ultrasound sonicator (78 and 130 kHz) at different reaction temperatures was explored. By using a heating method, the 80% yield of FA was attained at 75 °C in 4 h under homogeneous conditions (initial concentration of γ-oryzanol 12 mg/mL, the KOH/γ-oryzanol ratio (wt/wt) 10/1, and EtOH/EtOAc ratio (v/v) 5/1). With the assistance of 78 and 130 kHz irradiation, the yields reached 90%. The heating method was applied for the γ-oryzanol-containing extract prepared from rice bran oil soapstock. From soapstock, the 74.3% yield of FA was obtained, but 20% of the trans-FA in the reaction mixture was transformed into cis-form within one month.
ISSN:2076-3417
2076-3417
DOI:10.3390/app7080796