very-low fat diet is not associated with improved lipoprotein profiles in men with a predominance of large, low-density lipoproteins

• Published in: The American journal of clinical nutrition Vol. 69; no. 3; pp. 411 - 418
• Main Authors: Dreon, D.M, Fernstrom, H.A, Williams, P.T, Krauss, R.M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Bethesda, MD American Society for Clinical Nutrition 01.03.1999; American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc
• Subjects: 550500 - Metabolism; administration & dosage; Adult; Aged; apolipoproteins; BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; Biological and medical sciences; blood; blood lipids; Body Mass Index; cholesterol; Cholesterol - blood; classification; Cross-Over Studies; DIET; Diet, Fat-Restricted; dietary carbohydrate; dietary fat; Dietary Fats; Dietary Fats - administration & dosage; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; GENES; genetics; high density lipoprotein; Humans; LIPIDS; Lipids - blood; LIPOPROTEINS; Lipoproteins, LDL; Lipoproteins, LDL - blood; Lipoproteins, LDL - classification; Lipoproteins, LDL - genetics; low density lipoprotein; Male; MAMMALS; MAN; Medical research; men; METABOLISM; Middle Aged; molecular weight; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; Phenotype; polyunsaturated fatty acids; PRIMATES; PROTEINS; saturated fatty acids; vascular diseases; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; Human; Lipoprotein LDL; Phenotype; Lipemia; Content; Lipids; Male; Restricted diet; Feeding
• ISSN: 0002-9165; 1938-3207
• DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/69.3.411

Background: We found previously that men with a predominance of large LDL particles (phenotype A) consuming high-fat diets (40-46% fat) show less lipoprotein benefits of low-fat diets (20-24% fat) than do men with a high-risk lipoprotein profile characterized by a predominance of small LDL (phenotype B). Furthermore, one-third of men with phenotype A consuming a high-fat diet converted to phenotype B with a low-fat diet. Objective: We investigated effects of further reduction in dietary fat in men with persistence of LDL subclass phenotype A during both high- and low-fat diets. Design: Thirty-eight men who had shown phenotype A after 4-6 wk of both high- and low-fat diets consumed for 10 d a 10%-fat diet (2.7% saturates) with replacement of fat with carbohydrate and no change in cholesterol content or ratio of polyunsaturates to saturates. Results: In 26 men, phenotype A persisted (stable A group) whereas 12 converted to phenotype B (change group). LDL cholesterol did not differ from previous values for 20-24%-fat diets in either group, whereas in the change group there were higher concentrations of triacylglycerol and apolipoprotein B; greater mass of HDL, large LDL-I, small LDL-III and LDL-IV, and HDL(3); lower concentrations of HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, and lower mass of large LDL-I and HDL(2). Conclusions: There is no apparent lipoprotein benefit of reduction in dietary fat from 20-24% to 10% in men with large LDL particles: LDL-cholesterol concentration was not reduced, and in a subset of subjects there was a shift to small LDL along with increased triacylglycerol and reduced HDL-cholesterol concentrations.