A Case of Type I and II Brugada Phenocopy Unmasked in a Patient with Normal Baseline Electrocardiogram (ECG)

• Published in: The American journal of case reports Vol. 19; pp. 21 - 24
• Main Authors: Bernardo, Marie H, Tiyyagura, Satish R
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States International Scientific Literature, Inc 05.01.2018
• Subjects: Adult; Brugada Syndrome - diagnosis; Brugada Syndrome - etiology; Diagnosis, Differential; Electrocardiography; Emergencies; Female; Fever - etiology; Humans; Mastitis - complications; Risk Factors
• ISSN: 1941-5923; 1941-5923
• DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.906464

BACKGROUND Brugada pattern on electrocardiogram (ECG) is seen when there are at least 2 mm J-point elevation and 1 mm ST-segment elevation in two or more of the right precordial leads, with right bundle-branch block (RBBB)-like morphology. Elevation of a coved-type shape in leads V1 and V2 is consistent with type I Brugada pattern, whereas elevation of a saddle-back configuration distinguishes type II Brugada. If accompanied by life-threatening arrhythmias or sudden cardiac death, Brugada syndrome (BrS) is diagnosed. The presence of Brugada ECG pattern in absence of the syndrome has come to be known as Brugada phenocopy (BrP). CASE REPORT We introduce a case of both Brugada type I and II patterns unmasked in a 28-year-old female with fever secondary to mastitis. Though fever-induced BrP is a universally known phenomenon, the presentation of both type I and II patterns presenting in a patient during a single hospitalization makes this case unique from others. The patient was brought to the emergency department after experiencing a syncopal episode that appeared classically vasovagal in nature. Once her fever resolved, her baseline ECG showed no abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS Though Brugada ECG pattern may be very alarming, especially after syncope, appropriate management in the case of a fever-induced event would consist of observation with cardiac monitoring, immediate treatment of fever with antipyretics, and antibiotics for suspected infection. Close follow-up by a cardiologist as an outpatient is imperative to further ascertain if the patient is at high risk of life-threatening arrhythmias, significant for BrS.