Climate effects on honey bees can be mitigated by beekeeping management in Kenya

• Published in: Journal of environmental management Vol. 374; p. 123879
• Main Authors: Sibaja Leyton, Malena, Lattorff, H. Michael G., Kiatoko, Nkoba, Requier, Fabrice
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.02.2025; Elsevier
• Subjects: Agricultural sciences; Animal biology; Animals; apiaries; Apis mellifera; beekeepers; Beekeeping; Beekeeping management strategies; Bees; Bioclimatology; Climate; Climate Change; Climate effect; cold; cold season; Colony loss; Ecology, environment; environmental management; honey; honey bees; Invertebrate Zoology; Kenya; Large-scale survey; Life Sciences; livestock; Seasons; Sub-Saharan africa; surveys; Temperature; warm season; Zootechny; Kenya; Apis mellifera; Colony loss; Sub-Saharan africa; Beekeeping management strategies; Climate effect; Large-scale survey; Sub-Saharan Africa
• ISSN: 0301-4797; 1095-8630; 1095-8630
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123879

In recent decades, worldwide concerns about the health of honey bees motivated the development of surveys to monitor the colony losses, of which Sub-Saharan Africa has had limited representation. In the context of climate change, understanding how climate affects colony losses has become fundamental, yet literature on this subject is scarce. For the first time, we conducted a survey to estimate the livestock decrease of honey bee colonies in Kenya for the year 2021–2022 to explore the effects of environmental conditions, such as temperature and precipitation, on livestock decrease. We define “livestock decrease” from the beekeeper's perspective, including dead colonies but also, in the specific context of the tropics, the colonies that absconded from the apiary. A total of 589 beekeepers from a variety of areas participated in the survey. Kenyan beekeepers had an average of 36.6% livestock decrease in 2021–2022, with higher decreases during the dry and hot (31.9%) than during the wet and cold season (20.2%). We found that livestock decreases were more important with temperature for both dry and hot and wet and cold seasons. Interestingly, we found that precipitation mitigated temperature effects on livestock decrease for both seasons. Finally, we found that beekeepers practicing water supplementation had up to 10% less livestock decrease during the dry and hot season than those that did not, suggesting it to be a relevant adaptive strategy to mitigate livestock decrease. It is worth noting that beekeepers can renew their stock by trapping swarms, yet this represents a cost in time and baiting materials. Based on climate change projections, we predicted that annual and seasonal livestock decrease would remain in the same range at horizon 2050 and horizon 2100. These results pinpoint difficulties in maintaining livestock for beekeepers in Kenya and provide clues for strategies to pursue in the context of climate change. [Display omitted] •Kenyan beekeepers lost on average 36.6% of their honey bee colonies in 2021–2022.•Livestock decreases were higher during the dry and hot than the wet and cold season.•Precipitation mitigates temperature-induced livestock decrease within the Kenyan climate.•Water supplementation can help reduce livestock decrease during dry and hot season.•Livestock decreases are expected to persist in Kenya based on climate change projections.