“Never sacrifice anything to laboratory work”: The “physiological psychology” of Charles Richet (1875–1905)

• Published in: Journal of the history of the behavioral sciences Vol. 57; no. 2; pp. 172 - 193
• Main Authors: Evrard, Renaud, Gumpper, Stéphane, Beauvais, Bevis, Alvarado, Carlos S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.05.2021; Wiley
• Subjects: Historians; History of medicine and histology; Humanities and Social Sciences; Hypnosis; Innovations; Institutionalization; Parapsychology; Physiological psychology; Physiology; Psychology; Textbooks
• ISSN: 0022-5061; 1520-6696
• DOI: 10.1002/jhbs.22086

Whilst best known as a Nobel laureate physiologist, Charles Robert Richet (1850–1935) was also a pioneer of scientific psychology. Starting in 1875 Richet had a leading role in the habilitation of hypnosis, in the institutionalization of psychology in France, and in the introduction of methodological innovations. Authoring several psychology books, Richet's works contributed to the recognition of the scientific nature of the discipline. This role is often underplayed by some historians and psychology textbooks in favor of his later position as a proponent of the controversial discipline he christened metapsychics in 1905, which today lies within the province of parapsychology. In this article, we show how his psychological approach guided by physiology, or physiological psychology, facilitated the reception of psychology. We hypothesize a strong continuity between his physiological psychology and his metapsychics, as he himself considered metapsychics as an advanced branch of physiology, and thus also an outpost of psychology.