Finite-volume effects in baryon number fluctuations around the QCD critical endpoint

• Published in: Physics letters. B Vol. 841; p. 137908
• Main Authors: Bernhardt, Julian, Fischer, Christian S., Isserstedt, Philipp
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 10.06.2023; Elsevier
• Subjects: Baryon number fluctuations; Critical endpoint; Dyson–Schwinger equations; Finite-volume effects; QCD phase diagram; Finite-volume effects; QCD phase diagram; Dyson–Schwinger equations; Critical endpoint; Baryon number fluctuations
• ISSN: 0370-2693; 1873-2445
• DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2023.137908

We present results for the volume dependence of baryon number fluctuations in the vicinity of the (conjectured) critical endpoint of QCD. They are extracted from the nonperturbative quark propagator that is obtained as a solution to a set of truncated Dyson–Schwinger equations of (2+1)-flavor QCD in Landau gauge, which takes the backcoupling of quarks onto the Yang–Mills sector explicitly into account. This well-studied system predicts a critical endpoint at moderate temperatures and rather large chemical potential. We investigate this system at small and intermediate finite, three-dimensional, cubic volumes and study the resulting impact on baryon number fluctuations and ratios thereof up to fourth order in the region of the critical endpoint. Due to the limitations of our truncation, the results are quantitatively meaningful only outside the critical scaling region of the endpoint. We find that the fluctuations are visibly affected by the finite volume, particularly for antiperiodic boundary conditions, whereas their ratios are practically invariant.