Retinyl esters form lipid droplets independently of triacylglycerol and seipin

Lipid droplets store neutral lipids, primarily triacylglycerol and steryl esters. Seipin plays a role in lipid droplet biogenesis and is thought to determine the site of lipid droplet biogenesis and the size of newly formed lipid droplets. Here we show a seipin-independent pathway of lipid droplet b...

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Published inThe Journal of cell biology Vol. 220; no. 10
Main Authors Molenaar, Martijn R., Yadav, Kamlesh K., Toulmay, Alexandre, Wassenaar, Tsjerk A., Mari, Muriel C., Caillon, Lucie, Chorlay, Aymeric, Lukmantara, Ivan E., Haaker, Maya W., Wubbolts, Richard W., Houweling, Martin, Vaandrager, Arie Bas, Prieur, Xavier, Reggiori, Fulvio, Choudhary, Vineet, Yang, Hongyuan, Schneiter, Roger, Thiam, Abdou Rachid, Prinz, William A., Helms, J. Bernd
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York Rockefeller University Press 04.10.2021
Subjects
Biochemistry
Biochemistry, Molecular Biology
Biophysics
Biosynthesis
Cellular Biology
Droplets
Esters
Life Sciences
Lipid bilayers
Lipids
Organelles
Subcellular Processes
Triglycerides
Vitamin E
Yeast
Yeasts
Organelles
Biochemistry
Biophysics
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Summary:Lipid droplets store neutral lipids, primarily triacylglycerol and steryl esters. Seipin plays a role in lipid droplet biogenesis and is thought to determine the site of lipid droplet biogenesis and the size of newly formed lipid droplets. Here we show a seipin-independent pathway of lipid droplet biogenesis. In silico and in vitro experiments reveal that retinyl esters have the intrinsic propensity to sequester and nucleate in lipid bilayers. Production of retinyl esters in mammalian and yeast cells that do not normally produce retinyl esters causes the formation of lipid droplets, even in a yeast strain that produces only retinyl esters and no other neutral lipids. Seipin does not determine the size or biogenesis site of lipid droplets composed of only retinyl esters or steryl esters. These findings indicate that the role of seipin in lipid droplet biogenesis depends on the type of neutral lipid stored in forming droplets.
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M.R. Molenaar’s present address is Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
M.R. Molenaar and K.K. Yadav contributed equally to this work.
V. Choudhary’s present address is Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
W.A. Prinz and J.B. Helms contributed equally to this work.
ISSN:0021-9525
1540-8140
DOI:10.1083/jcb.202011071