28 NICUs participating in a quality improvement collaborative targeting early-onset sepsis antibiotic use

• Published in: Journal of perinatology Vol. 44; no. 7; pp. 1061 - 1068
• Main Authors: Payton, Kurlen S. E., Bennett, Mihoko V., Schulman, Joseph, Benitz, William E., Stellwagen, Lisa, Darmstadt, Gary L., Quinn, Jenny, Kristensen-Cabrera, Alexandria I., Breault, Courtney C., Bolaris, Michael, Lefrak, Linda, Merrill, Jeff, Sharek, Paul J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Nature Publishing Group US 01.07.2024; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 692/700/1720; 692/700/565/1436/2774; Age; Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use; Antibiotics; Antimicrobial Stewardship; Cross Infection - drug therapy; Cross Infection - prevention & control; Female; Hospitals; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intensive care; Intensive care units; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Neonatal care; Neonatal Sepsis - drug therapy; Neonates; Nosocomial infection; Pediatric Surgery; Pediatrics; Quality control; Quality Improvement; Quality Improvement Article; Quality of care; Sepsis; Sepsis - drug therapy
• ISSN: 0743-8346; 1476-5543; 1476-5543
• DOI: 10.1038/s41372-024-01885-8

Objective There is widespread overuse of antibiotics in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The objective of this study was to safely reduce antibiotic use in participating NICUs by targeting early-onset sepsis (EOS) management. Study design Twenty-eight NICUs participated in this statewide multicenter antibiotic stewardship quality improvement collaborative. The primary aim was to reduce the total monthly mean antibiotic utilization rate (AUR) by 25% in participant NICUs. Result Aggregate AUR was reduced by 15.3% ( p  < 0.001). There was a wide range in improvement among participant NICUs. There were no increases in EOS rates or nosocomial infection rates related to the intervention. Conclusion Participation in this multicenter NICU antibiotic stewardship collaborative targeting EOS was associated with an aggregate reduction in antibiotic use. This study informs efforts aimed at sustaining improvements in NICU AURs.