Immune cells-derived exosomes function as a double-edged sword: role in disease progression and their therapeutic applications

Exosomes, ranging in size from 30 to 150 nm as identified initially via electron microscopy in 1946, are one of the extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by many cells and have been the subject of many studies; initially, they were considered as cell wastes with the belief that cells produced exosom...

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Published inBiomarker research Vol. 10; no. 1; pp. 30 - 25
Main Authors Hazrati, Ali, Soudi, Sara, Malekpour, Kosar, Mahmoudi, Mohammad, Rahimi, Arezou, Hashemi, Seyed Mahmoud, Varma, Rajender S.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England BioMed Central 12.05.2022
BMC
Subjects
Angiogenesis
Antigen presentation
Autocrine signalling
Binding sites
Biosynthesis
Cell cycle
Cell interactions
Cellular medicine
Colorectal cancer
Cytokines
Electron microscopy
Exosome
Exosomes
Fibroblasts
Homeostasis
IEXs
Immune cell
Immune system
Immunological diseases
Inflammation
Kinases
Lymphocytes
Metastasis
Neutrophils
Paracrine signalling
Pathogenesis
Peptides
Proteins
Review
T cell receptors
Therapeutic application
Therapeutic applications
Vesicles
Cellular medicine
Therapeutic application
Exosome
IEXs
Pathogenesis
Immune cell
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Summary:Exosomes, ranging in size from 30 to 150 nm as identified initially via electron microscopy in 1946, are one of the extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by many cells and have been the subject of many studies; initially, they were considered as cell wastes with the belief that cells produced exosomes to maintain homeostasis. Nowadays, it has been found that EVs secreted by different cells play a vital role in cellular communication and are usually secreted in both physiological and pathological conditions. Due to the presence of different markers and ligands on the surface of exosomes, they have paracrine, endocrine and autocrine effects in some cases. Immune cells, like other cells, can secrete exosomes that interact with surrounding cells via these vesicles. Immune system cells-derived exosomes (IEXs) induce different responses, such as increasing and decreasing the transcription of various genes and regulating cytokine production. This review deliberate the function of innate and acquired immune cells derived exosomes, their role in the pathogenesis of immune diseases, and their therapeutic appliances.
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ISSN:2050-7771
2050-7771
DOI:10.1186/s40364-022-00374-4