Geodesic Length Measurement in Medical Images: Effect of the Discretization by the Camera Chip and Quantitative Assessment of Error Reduction Methods

• Published in: Photonics Vol. 7; no. 3; p. 70
• Main Authors: Naber, Ady, Berwanger, Daniel, Nahm, Werner
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.09.2020
• Subjects: Accuracy; Angiography; Blood; Blood flow; Blood vessels; Cameras; centerline; Computer applications; Computing time; Curve fitting; Curves; Discretization; discretization error; Error analysis; Error reduction; Flow measurement; Fluorescence; Geometry; Ground truth; Hypotheses; Image segmentation; Interpolation; Investigations; length measurement; Mathematical functions; Mathematical models; Medical imaging; Methods; Optics; Remote observing; spatial interpolation; Surgery
• ISSN: 2304-6732; 2304-6732
• DOI: 10.3390/photonics7030070

After interventions such as bypass surgeries the vascular function is checked qualitatively and remotely by observing the blood dynamics inside the vessel via Fluorescence Angiography. This state-of-the-art method has to be improved by introducing a quantitatively measured blood flow. Previous approaches show that the measured blood flow cannot be easily calibrated against a gold standard reference. In order to systematically address the possible sources of error, we investigated the error in geodesic length measurement caused by spatial discretization on the camera chip. We used an in-silico vessel segmentation model based on mathematical functions as a ground truth for the length of vessel-like anatomical structures in the continuous space. Discretization errors for the chosen models were determined in a typical magnitude of 6%. Since this length error would propagate to an unacceptable error in blood flow measurement, counteractions need to be developed. Therefore, different methods for the centerline extraction and spatial interpolation have been tested and compared against their performance in reducing the discretization error in length measurement by re-continualization. In conclusion, the discretization error is reduced by the re-continualization of the centerline to an acceptable range. The discretization error is dependent on the complexity of the centerline and this dependency is also reduced. Thereby the centerline extraction by erosion in combination with the piecewise Bézier curve fitting performs best by reducing the error to 2.7% with an acceptable computational time.