Sustainably Harvesting a Large Carnivore? Development of Eurasian Lynx Populations in Norway During 160 Years of Shifting Policy

• Published in: Environmental management (New York) Vol. 45; no. 5; pp. 1142 - 1154
• Main Authors: Linnell, John D. C, Broseth, Henrik, Odden, John, Nilsen, Erlend Birkeland
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York New York : Springer-Verlag 01.05.2010; Springer-Verlag; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adaptive management; Animal populations; Animals; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Carnivores; Conservation biology; Conservation of Natural Resources - legislation & jurisprudence; Conservation of Natural Resources - methods; Conservation of Natural Resources - trends; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecology; Environment; Environmental Management; Environmental Monitoring - legislation & jurisprudence; Environmental Monitoring - methods; Environmental Monitoring - statistics & numerical data; Eurasian lynx; Forestry Management; Harvest; Historical policy; Hunting; Large carnivore; Lynx; Lynx - growth & development; Lynx lynx; Nature Conservation; Norway; Policy Making; Population; Population decline; Population Dynamics; Population number; Sustainable development; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; Wildcats; Wildlife management; Norway; Eurasian lynx; Adaptive management; Historical policy; Harvest; Large carnivore
• ISSN: 0364-152X; 1432-1009
• DOI: 10.1007/s00267-010-9455-9

The management of large carnivores in multiuse landscapes is always controversial, and managers need to balance a wide range of competing interests. Hunter harvest is often used to limit population size and distribution but is proving to be both controversialand technically challenging. Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) are currently managed as a game species in Norway. We describe an adaptive management approach where quota setting is based on an annual census and chart the population development through the period 1996-2008, as management has become significantly more sophisticated and better informed by the increased availability of scientific data. During this period the population has been through a period of high quotas and population decline caused by fragmented management authority and overoptimistic estimates of lynx reproduction, followed by a period of recovery due to quota reductions. The modern management regime is placed in the context of shifting policy during the last 160 years, during which management goals have moved from extermination stimulated by bounties, through a short phase of protection, and now to quota-regulated harvest. Much management authority has also been delegated from central to local levels. We conclude that adaptive management has the potential to keep the population within some bounded limits, although there will inevitably be fluctuation.