effect of paraoxon on spermatogenesis in Dugesia gonocephala from the Chilean Altiplano: proliferation and apoptosis

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international Vol. 18; no. 3; pp. 497 - 502
• Main Authors: Rodríguez, Hector Hernan, Espinoza-Navarro, Omar, Silva, Ivan, Needham, Douglas, Castro, María Eugenia, Sarabia, Luis, Inostroza, Juan, Jimenez, Leonella
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Berlin/Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag 01.03.2011; Springer-Verlag; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Agricultural ecosystems; Altitude; Animals; Apaf-1 protein; Apoptosis; Apoptosis - drug effects; Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1 - metabolism; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Biosensors; Bromodeoxyuridine; Bromodeoxyuridine - metabolism; Cell cycle; Cell growth; Cell proliferation; Cell Proliferation - drug effects; Chile; Contaminants; DNA biosynthesis; Dugesia; Dugesia gonocephala; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecosystems; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental impact; Fresh Water - chemistry; High altitude; Immunohistochemistry; Insecticides; Insecticides - analysis; Insecticides - toxicity; Laboratories; Organisms; Paraoxon; Paraoxon - analysis; Paraoxon - toxicity; Pesticides; Planaria; Planarians - drug effects; Planarians - metabolism; Pollutants; reproduction; Research Article; Rivers; Spermatogenesis; Spermatogenesis - drug effects; Stem cells; Studies; Tubules; Turbellaria; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis; Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity; Water Pollution Control; Chile; Bolivia, Altiplano; High altitude; Reproduction; Planaria; Spermatogenesis; Paraoxon
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-010-0385-0

Introduction and aims The Chilean Altiplano ecosystem is conserved free from contaminants and pollutants because of the absence of major local human activities such as agriculture or other industries. We studied the effects of paraoxon on proliferation and apoptosis of testicular cells during active spermatogenesis in Dugesia gonocephala collected from a pristine river (Guacollo) in the Altiplano region nearby Visviri town, Chile. Materials and methods Adult planarians were incubated in varying concentrations of paraoxon (0.8, 0.4, 0.04, 0.004, and 0.0004 mM) for 4 h. After 3 h of incubation, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was added. Effects on cell proliferation (BrdU) and apoptosis (Apaf-1) were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results Paraoxon concentrations of 0.4 and 0.8 mM caused 100% mortality in the respective treatment groups. The lowest tested concentration (0.0004 mM) caused a significant increase on cell proliferation in the seminiferous tubules, as well as an increase in the number of apoptotic cells. All other tested concentrations significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Conclusions Paraoxon inhibits DNA synthesis and induces apoptosis during spermatogenesis in adult planarians from a high-altitude, pollution-free environment. This could suggest its use as a biosensor or biomarker for contamination with agro pesticides.