The elicitation of steady‐state visual evoked potentials during sleep

This study confirmed the hypothesis that it is possible to elicit SSVEPs through closed eyelids during NREM sleep. To test this hypothesis, SSVEP amplitudes were measured in eight subjects across two conditions of stimulation (stimulation on and stimulation off) and three brain states (waking, light...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inPsychophysiology Vol. 54; no. 4; pp. 496 - 507
Main Authors Norton, James J. S., Umunna, Stephen, Bretl, Timothy
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.04.2017
Subjects
Adult
Cerebral Cortex - physiology
EEG
Electroencephalography
ERP
Evoked Potentials, Visual
Female
Humans
Hypotheses
Male
NREM
Photic Stimulation
Sleep
SSVEP
Visual evoked potential
Young Adult
NREM
Visual evoked potential
SSVEP
ERP
Sleep
EEG
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Summary:This study confirmed the hypothesis that it is possible to elicit SSVEPs through closed eyelids during NREM sleep. To test this hypothesis, SSVEP amplitudes were measured in eight subjects across two conditions of stimulation (stimulation on and stimulation off) and three brain states (waking, light sleep, and deep sleep). Results showed a significant interaction between stimulation and brain state. In particular, EEG activity at the frequency of stimulation was higher during both light sleep and deep sleep in the stimulation on condition than in the stimulation off condition. The fact that it is possible to elicit SSVEPs during sleep may provide a new way to study how SSVEPs are generated in the brain—one that might help resolve open questions such as identifying the SSVEP activation sequence or deciding if SSVEPs derive from evoked or oscillatory neural processes.
Bibliography:This work was supported by NSF grants No. 0955088 and 0903622. The authors would like to thank Bonnie Chen, Randy Lefkowitz, Siyuan Wu, and the ECE445 team for their efforts in the development of the stimulation hardware. Thanks to Joost Rommers, Kara Federmeier, Alex Iordan, Jessica Mullins, and Claudia Lutz for their helpful feedback and incredible insight. The authors would also like to thank the Christie Clinic Sleep Center for their insights on polysomnography and sleep scoring. SU is currently with DoveMed, Champaign, IL.
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ISSN:0048-5772
1469-8986
1469-8986
1540-5958
DOI:10.1111/psyp.12807