Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity of Photochromic Molybdenum Oxide‐Doped Tungsten Oxide Polymeric Nanohybrid Films for Biomedical Applications

• Published in: Chemphyschem Vol. 26; no. 12; pp. e202400987 - n/a
• Main Authors: Ogungbesan, Shephrah Olubusola, Zhou, Chao, Kalulu, Mulenga, Anselm, Oluwaseun Hannah, Ogunneye, Adeyemi Lawrence, Adedokun, Rosemary Anwuli, Díaz Díaz, David, Fu, Guodong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Germany Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 23.06.2025; John Wiley and Sons Inc
• Subjects: Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemical synthesis; Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemistry; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; antibacterial; Bioavailability; Biocompatibility; Biocompatible Materials - chemical synthesis; Biocompatible Materials - chemistry; Biocompatible Materials - pharmacology; Biomedical materials; Cell Survival - drug effects; Chitosan; Chitosan - chemistry; Conduction bands; cytotoxicities; Electron microscopy; Electrons; Fourier transforms; Humans; Metal oxides; Microscopy; Molybdenum - chemistry; Molybdenum - pharmacology; Molybdenum oxides; Nanocomposites; Nanocomposites - chemistry; Nanocomposites - toxicity; Oxides - chemistry; Oxides - pharmacology; Particle Size; Photochemical Processes; Photoelectrons; Photon correlation spectroscopy; Polymers - chemistry; Solvents; Spectrum analysis; Structural analysis; Toxicity; Tungsten - chemistry; Tungsten - pharmacology; Tungsten oxides; X-ray diffraction; cytotoxicities; molybdenum oxides; antibacterial; nanocomposites; tungsten oxides
• ISSN: 1439-4235; 1439-7641; 1439-7641
• DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400987

Despite the known nontoxicity, stability, and efficiency of WO3 and MoO3 against microbes as a result of their catalytic activities, these oxides are not effective photocatalysts because the O2 absorbed cannot be reduced by the photogenerated electrons in their conduction band, which leads to the rebinding of electrons and holes on the surface. The doping of these two n‐type semiconductor metal oxides and incorporation of a biocompatible, biodegradable, and bioavailable polymer (such as chitosan) to form a film, to a large extent, affects the surface area interaction and multipurpose applicability of the film as a therapeutic, controlled delivery, and dual sensitive material. The WO3‐NP and WO3MoO3 nanocomposites are synthesized via a deep eutectic solvent‐assisted hydrothermal‐based method, which afford fine‐sized nanoparticles and nanocomposites, which are further incorporated into a chitosan matrix to form nanohybrid films via the solvent casting method. The structural, optical, and morphological characterization of the materials is carried out via X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), UV, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering. XRD and FT‐IR analyses reveal that WO3MoO3 nanocomposites are successfully formed and incorporated into the chitosan matrix. The nanohybrid film shows antimicrobial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 100 μg mL−1. Furthermore, the nanohybrid film shows no significant toxicity. A novel and environmentally friendly photosensitive nanohybrid film made of chitosan and WO3MoO3 nanoparticles is prepared via a deep eutectic solvent‐assisted hydrothermal‐based method and a solvent casting protocol. The nanocomposite film shows a strong antibacterial effect on gram‐positive and gram‐negative cells, displaying cell viability above 90% in human cells even at 500 μg mL−1.