Building a Large Robotic Thoracic Surgery Program in an Emerging Country: Experience in Brazil

• Published in: World journal of surgery Vol. 43; no. 11; pp. 2920 - 2926
• Main Authors: Terra, Ricardo Mingarini, Haddad, Rui, de Campos, José Ribas Milanese, de Araújo, Pedro Henrique Xavier Nabuco, Lima, Carlos Eduardo Teixeira, Braga, Felipe, Bibas, Benoit Jacques, Trindade, Juliana Mol, Lauricella, Leticia Leone, Pêgo-Fernandes, Paulo Manuel
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01.11.2019; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Abdominal Surgery; Air leakage; Cardiac Surgery; Complications; Consolidation; Developing countries; Females; General Surgery; Geriatrics; Implantation; LDCs; Learning curves; Lesions; Lungs; Males; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Ostomy; Patients; Robotic surgery; Sepsis; Surgeons; Surgery; Surgery in Low and Middle Income Countries; Thoracic Surgery; Thorax; Vascular Surgery; Brazil
• ISSN: 0364-2313; 1432-2323
• DOI: 10.1007/s00268-019-05086-9

Background In the last decade, robotic video-assisted thoracic surgery (R-VATS) has grown significantly and consolidated as an alternative to video-assisted thoracic surgery. The objective of this study is to present the implementation as well as the experience with R-VATS accumulated by 2 Brazilian groups. We also compared the outcomes of procedures performed during the learning curve and after a more mature experience. Methods Retrospective cohort study included all R-VATS procedures performed since April 2015 until April 2018. We describe the process of implantation of robotic surgery, highlighting the peculiarities and difficulties found in a developing country. Moreover, we reported our descriptive results and compared the first 60 patients to the subsequent cases. Results Two hundred and five patients included 101 females/104 males. Mean age was 61.7 years. There were hundred and sixty-four pulmonary resections, 39 resections of mediastinal lesions, 1 diaphragmatic plication, and 1 resection of a hilar tumor. Median operative times were 205 min for lung resections and 129 min for mediastinal. There was no conversion to VATS or thoracotomy or major intraoperative complications. Median length of stay was 3 days for pulmonary resections and 1 day for mediastinal. Postoperative complications occurred in 35 cases (17.0%)—prolonged air leak was the most common (17 cases). One fatality occurred in an elderly patient with pneumonia and sepsis (0.4%). Comparison of the first 60 patients (learning curve) with subsequent 145 patients (consolidated experience) showed significant differences in surgical and ICU time, both favoring consolidated experience. Conclusions Our results were comparable to the literature. Robotic thoracic surgery can be safely and successfully implemented in tertiary hospitals in emerging countries provided that all stakeholders are involved and compromised with the implementation process.