Fitting an ex-Gaussian function to examine costs in event-based prospective memory: Evidence for a continuous monitoring profile

• Published in: Acta psychologica Vol. 152; pp. 177 - 182
• Main Authors: Loft, Shayne, Bowden, Vanessa K., Ball, B. Hunter, Brewer, Gene A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Kidlington Elsevier B.V 01.10.2014; Elsevier
• Subjects: Attention - physiology; Biological and medical sciences; Decision Making - physiology; Ex-Gaussian function; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Human; Humans; Judgment - physiology; Learning & Memory; Male; Memory; Memory, Episodic; Normal Distribution; Prospective memory; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychology. Psychophysiology; Reaction Time - physiology; Response costs; Target focality; Young Adult; Prospective memory; Response costs; Ex-Gaussian function; Learning & Memory; 2343; Target focality; Human; Acquisition process; Statistical distribution; Cognition; Experimental study
• ISSN: 0001-6918; 1873-6297; 1873-6297
• DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2014.08.010

Event-based prospective memory (PM) tasks require individuals to remember to perform a deferred action when a target event occurs. PM task requirements can slow ongoing task responses on non-target trials (‘costs’) under conditions where the defining features of targets are non-focal to the ongoing task, which is indicative that individuals have allocated some form of cognitive control process to the PM task. Recent fits of the ex-Gaussian mathematical function to non-target trial response distributions by prior studies have indicated that these control processes are transiently allocated. In the current paper, fits of the ex-Gaussian function to data reported by Loft and Humphreys (2012) demonstrate a shift in the entire response time distribution (μ) and an increase in skew (τ) for a non-focal PM condition required to remember to make a PM response if presented with category exemplars, compared to a control condition. This change in μ is indicative of a more continuous PM monitoring profile than that reported by prior studies. In addition, within–subject variability in μ was reliably correlated with PM accuracy, suggesting that these control processes allocated on a regular basis were functional to PM accuracy. In contrast, when the ongoing task directed attention to the defining features of targets (focal PM) there was a trend level increase in μ, but the within–subject variability in μ was not correlated with PM accuracy, consistent with the theoretical premise that focal PM tasks are not as dependent on cognitive control as non-focal PM tasks. •Non-focal event-based prospective memory tasks slowed ongoing task responses.•We fitted the ex-Gaussian function to ongoing task response time distributions.•The shift in mu indicated prospective memory resources were regularly allocated.•The shift in tau indicated further resources were allocated on a subset of trials.•The shift in mu, but not tau, facilitated (correlated with) prospective memory.