Ficus carica polysaccharide extraction via ultrasound-assisted technique: Structure characterization, antioxidant, hypoglycemic and immunomodulatory activities

• Published in: Ultrasonics sonochemistry Vol. 101; p. 106680
• Main Authors: Wang, Weilan, Liu, Xiaoying, Wang, Lixue, Song, Guirong, Jiang, Wei, Mu, Lihong, Li, Jinyao
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier 01.12.2023
• Subjects: Animals; Antioxidant properties; Antioxidants - chemistry; Ficus - chemistry; Ficus carica polysaccharides; Hypoglycemic Agents - pharmacology; Hypoglycemic effects; Immunity; Immunomodulatory activities; Mice; Polysaccharides - chemistry; Structural characterization; Ultrasound-assisted extraction; Immunomodulatory activities; Hypoglycemic effects; Antioxidant properties; Ficus carica polysaccharides; Ultrasound-assisted extraction; Structural characterization
• ISSN: 1350-4177; 1873-2828; 1873-2828
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106680

In this research, the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of the water-soluble polysaccharide (FCPS) from Ficus carica fruits were optimized using the response surface methodology. The optimal FCPS yield was 7.97 % achieved by conducting ultrasound-assisted extraction four times at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20 (g/mL) and an ultrasound temperature of 70 °C. Then, the structure, antioxidant properties, hypoglycemic effects, and immunomodulatory activities of FCPS were evaluated. FCPS was characterized as irregular, rough-surfaced, flaky materials consisting of pyran-type polysaccharides with α- and β-glycosidic linkages, and composed of multiple monosaccharides and only one homogeneous concentrated polysaccharide component (FCPS1) with a molecular weight of 4.224 × 10 Da. The results suggested FCPS exhibited remarkable antioxidant activity in vitro, as evidenced by improved cell viability and reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Meanwhile, FCPS effectively improved liver-related insulin resistance by promoting glucose consumption in hepatocytes and activated the immune response through activation of murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and upregulation of interleukin 6 (IL6) and interleukin 12 (IL-12) expression. The findings demonstrate the efficacy of the UAE technique in isolating FCPS with biological functionality and FCPS could potentially serve as a beneficial organic antioxidant source and functional food, carrying important implications for future studies.