Questionnaire survey on the occurrence of risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection amongst farmers in Thika District, Kenya

• Published in: Journal of the South African Veterinary Association Vol. 84; no. 1; pp. E1 - 1
• Main Authors: Ogendi, Edwin, Maina, Naomi, Kagira, John, Ngotho, Maina, Mbugua, Gabriel, Karanja, Simon
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: South Africa African Online Scientific Information Systems (Pty) Ltd t/a AOSIS 01.01.2013; AOSIS (Pty) Ltd
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Agriculture; Animals; Cats; Data Collection; Female; Food Parasitology; Host-parasite relationships; Humans; Kenya - epidemiology; Male; Middle Aged; Occupational Exposure; Physiological aspects; Risk Factors; Ruminantia; Surveys and Questionnaires; Toxoplasma; Toxoplasma gondii; Toxoplasmosis; Toxoplasmosis - epidemiology; Toxoplasmosis - prevention & control; Young Adult; Kenya
• ISSN: 1019-9128; 2224-9435
• DOI: 10.4102/jsava.v84i1.191

A survey was conducted to determine the occurrence of risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection amongst farmers in Thika District, Kenya. Interviews were conducted in a total of 385 households using a structured questionnaire. The water consumed at household level originated from taps (74.3%), rivers or streams (15.1%), wells (5.4%) and boreholes (5.2%). A number of households (46.8%) consumed water without boiling or applying any form of treatment. All respondents washed vegetables before cooking, whilst 99.0% washed fruits before eating. Boiled milk was preferred by 99.5% of the farmers. The majority (85.2%) consumed beef more often, whilst 1.6% consumed pork. The majority (98.7%) consumed thoroughly cooked meat. Meat was preserved by 17% of farmers. Only four farmers (1.2%) who practised mixed farming used gloves when handling livestock manure. Five farmers (1.6%) reported the occurrence of abortion in ruminants and pigs on their farms within the last two years before the study. Almost half (44.9%) of the households owned cats, which were kept mainly as pets (79.8%) and for deterring rodents (20.2%). The majority of households (91.3%) fed the cats on leftovers, whilst 8.1% fed cats with raw offal. Sixteen households (9.2%) provided housing for cats. Only five households (2.8%) had litter boxes, but none of the households with litter boxes used gloves when cleaning them out. Disposal of cat faeces was done mainly by women (55.5%). Only one farmer (0.3%) had some knowledge about toxoplasmosis, but was not aware of the transmission mechanism. The study highlights the need for public health education to raise awareness of risk factors for toxoplasmosis.