Experimental quantum network coding

• Published in: npj quantum information Vol. 5; no. 1; pp. 1 - 5
• Main Authors: Lu, He, Li, Zheng-Da, Yin, Xu-Fei, Zhang, Rui, Fang, Xiao-Xu, Li, Li, Liu, Nai-Le, Xu, Feihu, Chen, Yu-Ao, Pan, Jian-Wei
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 23.10.2019; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 639/624/400/482; 639/766/483/2802; 639/766/483/481; Classical and Quantum Gravitation; Information processing; Photons; Physics; Physics and Astronomy; Quantum Computing; Quantum Field Theories; Quantum Information Technology; Quantum Physics; Relativity Theory; Spintronics; String Theory
• ISSN: 2056-6387; 2056-6387
• DOI: 10.1038/s41534-019-0207-2

Distributing quantum state and entanglement between distant nodes is a crucial task in distributed quantum information processing on large-scale quantum networks. Quantum network coding provides an alternative solution for quantum-state distribution, especially when the bottleneck problems must be considered and high communication speed is required. Here, we report the first experimental realization of quantum network coding on the butterfly network. With the help of prior entanglements shared between senders, two quantum states can be transmitted perfectly through the butterfly network. We demonstrate this protocol by employing eight photons generated via spontaneous parametric downconversion. We observe cross-transmission of single-photon states with an average fidelity of 0.9685 ± 0.0013, and that of two-photon entanglement with an average fidelity of 0.9611 ± 0.0061, both of which are greater than the theoretical upper bounds without prior entanglement.