Pulmonary Root Replacement With the Freestyle Stentless Aortic Xenograft in Growing Pigs

• Published in: The Annals of thoracic surgery Vol. 65; no. 6; pp. 1726 - 1729
• Main Authors: Schoof, Paul H, Hazekamp, Mark G, van Krieken, Han H, Huysmans, Hans A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY Elsevier Inc 01.06.1998; Elsevier Science
• Subjects: Animals; Aortic Valve - transplantation; Biological and medical sciences; Bioprosthesis; Body Weight; Calcinosis - pathology; Cardiac Output, Low - etiology; Cardiology. Vascular system; Cause of Death; Collagen - ultrastructure; Congenital heart diseases. Malformations of the aorta, pulmonary vessels and vena cava; Constriction, Pathologic - pathology; Disease Models, Animal; Endocarditis - pathology; Fibrin - ultrastructure; Growth; Heart; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; Medical sciences; Prosthesis Design; Prosthesis Failure; Pulmonary Valve - surgery; Surface Properties; Swine; Root; Prosthesis; Animal origin; Cardiovascular disease; Replacement; Aortic valve disease; Congenital disease; Pig; Result; Vertebrata; Mammalia; Malformation; Heart disease; Surgery; Newborn animal; Aorta; Artiodactyla; Technique; Experimental surgery; Ungulata
• ISSN: 0003-4975; 1552-6259
• DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4975(98)00263-X

Background. The stentless xenograft with its favorable hemodynamic performance on the left side of the heart seems an attractive, readily available alternative for the reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract in children. Methods. To assess its function in a preclinical animal investigation, we replaced the pulmonary root with a Freestyle stentless aortic xenograft in 18 piglets of 26.6 ± 3.2 kg weight. The animals were allowed to grow as much as possible and slaughtered when symptoms of heart failure developed or body weight reached more than 160 kg. All valve explants were analyzed by gross examination and photography and, in 4 representative pigs, by histologic examination. Results. Fourteen animals died prematurely after 2 weeks to 11 months. Twelve xenograft explants showed thick, immobilized, large nodular structures as cuspal remnants causing significant stenosis. At microscopy, large cuspal masses of degenerating collagen and fibrin and various inflammatory cells were frequently found. In the growing pig, most of the xenografts implanted in the pulmonary position showed early degeneration causing severe stenosis. Conclusions. Use of this valve for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction in children cannot be recommended.