Fundamentals in the chemistry of cyanine dyes: A review

• Published in: Dyes and pigments Vol. 145; pp. 505 - 513
• Main Author: Shindy, H.A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01.10.2017
• Subjects: Applications of cyanine dyes; Cyanine dyes; Different classes of cyanine dyes; Halochromic evaluation of cyanine dyes; Mechanisms of cyanine dyes; Naturally occurring cyanine dyes; Solvatochromic evaluation of cyanine dyes; Spectral sensitization evaluation of cyanine dyes; Structure and resonance forms of cyanine dyes; Cyanine dyes; Structure and resonance forms of cyanine dyes; Solvatochromic evaluation of cyanine dyes; Applications of cyanine dyes; Halochromic evaluation of cyanine dyes; Mechanisms of cyanine dyes; Different classes of cyanine dyes; Naturally occurring cyanine dyes; Spectral sensitization evaluation of cyanine dyes
• ISSN: 0143-7208; 1873-3743
• DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2017.06.029

In this review paper, some of the important fundamentals in the chemistry of cyanine dyes were explained. This include topics like structure and resonance forms of cyanine dyes, naturally occurring cyanine dyes, different classes of cyanine dyes and formation mechanisms of cyanine dyes. This covers methine cyanine dyes, apocyanine dyes, styryl cyanine dyes (hemicyanine dyes), aza-styryl cyanine dyes)aza-hemicyanine dyes(, merocyanine dyes (acyclic merocyanine dyes and cyclic merocyanine dyes) squarylium cyanine dyes (aromatic squarylium cyanine dyes and heterocyclic squarylium cyanine dyes), spectral sensitization evaluation of cyanine dyes, solvatochromic evaluation of cyanine dyes, halochromic evaluation of cyanine dyes, cyanine dyes for CD-R and DVD-R, cyanine dyes as fluorescent labels for nucleic acid research, mechanisms of dimethine cyanine dyes and mechanisms of apocyanine dyes. In addition, in the introduction section of this review paper some light is focussed on some important uses and applications of cyanine dyes. This special and/or specific type of collective review in the fundamentals, principles, knowledge and/or the understanding of cyanine dyes chemistry has been paid little attention and is lacking in the chemistry literature. [Display omitted] •More and more attention and have been paid to the chemistry of cyanine dyes. This is because the multiplicity uses and applications of these dyes in several fields of science, technology engineering, pharmacology and medicine.•The developments of cyanine dyes synthesis and their applications in photographic and non-photographic multidisciplinary areas are growing continuously, significantly and rapidly. Certainly, this will make the present and the future of cyanine dyes chemistry effective, fruitful and very bright.•Because cyanine dyes have multiple uses and applications in a diverse and broad area of science, technology, engineering, pharmacology and medicine, this review paper might be very interesting and useful for the large heterogenous community groups of chemists, biologists, physicists, biotechnologists, pharmacologists and medical scientists.•This paper review will be informative, useful, and an excellent key reference work for chemists and researchers who are keen to have the fundamental understanding, principles and knowledge of cyanine dyes chemistry.•This paper review can be used and will be most valuable for students, particularly for the post graduate students in the field of heterocyclic and cyanine dyes chemistry.•This paper review is recommended to anyone interested in the subject, to chemistry libraries and also for the personal bookshelves of every organic heterocyclic and cyanine dyes chemist.