An unusual cause of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia: Acquired long QT syndrome from atypical variant of stress-induced cardiomyopathy

• Published in: SAGE open medical case reports Vol. 8; p. 2050313X20944307
• Main Authors: Alfarih, Mashael, Moon, James C, Fontana, Marianna, Knight, Dan, Captur, Gabriella
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London, England SAGE Publications 01.08.2020; Sage Publications Ltd; SAGE Publishing
• Subjects: Cardiac arrhythmia; Cardiomyopathy; Case Report; Case reports; Edema; Long QT syndrome; Thyroid cancer; Thyroid gland; critical care/emergency medicine; ventricular tachycardia; cardiomyopathy; cardiovascular magnetic resonance; Cardiovascular
• ISSN: 2050-313X; 2050-313X
• DOI: 10.1177/2050313X20944307

A 55-year-old woman with a recent history of surgically and radioiodine treated thyroid cancer experienced a run of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia with hemodynamic perturbation during anaesthetic induction with propofol, fentanyl and rocuronium for elective surgical excision of right hip metastasis. Electrocardiography showed new T-wave inversion and QT prolongation that subsequently resolved. Cardiac enzymes were elevated but invasive coronary angiography showed unobstructed epicardial coronary arteries. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance showed not only normal biventricular size and systolic function but also a striking pattern of patchy myocardial oedema involving the basal-to-mid anterior, septal and inferior walls and some associated hypertrophy in the anteroseptum (representing focal myocardial swelling from the oedema) but no focal or diffuse myocardial fibrosis. All these abnormalities resolved on subsequent convalescent imaging. A diagnosis of multifactorial acquired long QT syndrome secondary to atypical variant stress-induced cardiomyopathy was made with the likely provoking factors in this case having been the female sex, understandable pre-operative anxiety, anaesthetic drugs, supraglottic airway placement and thyroid dysfunction. An implantable loop recorder during follow-up detected no further significant arrhythmias and she remains well and asymptomatic to date on a low dose of beta-blocker.