Metal Impurities in Food and Drugs

• Published in: Pharmaceutical research Vol. 27; no. 5; pp. 750 - 755
• Main Authors: Abernethy, Darrell R, DeStefano, Anthony J, Cecil, Todd L, Zaidi, Kahkashan, Williams, Roger L
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Boston Boston : Springer US 01.05.2010; Springer US; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Animals; Biochemistry; Biological and medical sciences; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering; Biomedicine; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Commentary; Dietary supplements; Drug Contamination; Food Analysis; Food contamination & poisoning; Food Contamination - analysis; General pharmacology; Heavy metals; Humans; Medical Law; Medical sciences; Metals - analysis; Metals - toxicity; Pharmaceutical technology. Pharmaceutical industry; Pharmaceuticals; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Pharmacology/Toxicology; Pharmacopoeias as Topic; Pharmacy; Public safety; Threshold Limit Values; standards; metals; US Pharmacopeia; analysis; impurities; limits; Drug; Pharmacopeia; Pharmaceutical technology; Impurity; Standard; Metal; Standards; Food
• ISSN: 0724-8741; 1573-904X
• DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0080-3

The major metals of potential health concern found in food, drugs (medicines), and dietary supplements are lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic. Other metals, such as chromium, copper, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, nickel, osmium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, palladium, and platinum, may be used or introduced during manufacturing and may be controlled in the final article as impurities. Screening for metals in medicines and dietary supplements rarely indicates the presence of toxic metal impurities at levels of concern. The setting of heavy metal limits is appropriate for medicines and is appropriate for supplements when heavy metals are likely or certain to contaminate a given product. Setting reasonable health-based limits for some of these metals is challenging because of their ubiquity in the environment, limitations of current analytical procedures, and other factors. Taken together, compendial tests for metals in food and drugs present an array of issues that challenge compendial scientists.