Second-harmonic generation induced by electric currents in GaAs

• Published in: Physical review letters Vol. 108; no. 7; p. 077403
• Main Authors: Ruzicka, Brian A, Werake, Lalani K, Xu, Guowei, Khurgin, Jacob B, Sherman, E Ya, Wu, Judy Z, Zhao, Hui
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 17.02.2012
• ISSN: 1079-7114
• DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.077403

We demonstrate a new, nonlinear optical effect of electric currents. First, a steady current is generated by applying a voltage on a doped GaAs crystal. We demonstrate that this current induces second-harmonic generation of a probe laser pulse. Second, we optically inject a transient current in an undoped GaAs crystal by using a pair of ultrafast laser pulses and demonstrate that it induces the same second-harmonic generation. In both cases, the induced second-order nonlinear susceptibility is proportional to the current density. This effect can be used for nondestructive, noninvasive, and ultrafast imaging of currents. These advantages are illustrated by the real-time observations of a coherent plasma oscillation and spatial resolution of current distribution in a device. This new effect also provides a mechanism for electrical control of the optical response of materials.