Mpox in Children and Adolescents: Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Management

Although mpox is rare among children in the United States, pediatric cases are being reported during the 2022 multinational mpox outbreak. Vaccines and antiviral medications developed for other orthopoxviruses have recently become widely used to prevent and treat mpox in both children and adults in...

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Published inPediatrics (Evanston) Vol. 151; no. 2; p. 1
Main Authors Beeson, Amy M, Haston, Julia, McCormick, David W, Reynolds, Mary, Chatham-Stephens, Kevin, McCollum, Andrea M, Godfred-Cato, Shana
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States American Academy of Pediatrics 01.02.2023
Subjects
Adolescent
Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use
Child
Epidemiology
Humans
Medical diagnosis
Monkeypox
Mpox (monkeypox) - epidemiology
Mpox (monkeypox) - prevention & control
Pediatrics
Population Surveillance
Public Health
Teenagers
United States - epidemiology
United States
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Summary:Although mpox is rare among children in the United States, pediatric cases are being reported during the 2022 multinational mpox outbreak. Vaccines and antiviral medications developed for other orthopoxviruses have recently become widely used to prevent and treat mpox in both children and adults in the United States. Although scientific literature regarding mpox in children and adolescents is scant, prior case reports can provide valuable information about the clinical features and potential complications of untreated clade II mpox in these age groups. In this review, we summarize the epidemiology and clinical features of mpox in children and adolescents and provide recommendations for clinicians regarding its diagnosis, management, and prevention. Robust, dedicated surveillance of pediatric exposures and cases in the current outbreak, including the use of vaccines and therapeutics, are needed to guide clinical management and public health strategies.
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Drs Beeson, Godfred-Cato, Haston, and McCormick conceptualized the review article, drafted portions of the manuscript, developed the table, and critically reviewed and revised the manuscript; Dr Reynolds reviewed cases for inclusion in Table 1 and reviewed and revised the manuscript for important intellectual content; Drs Chatham-Stephens and McCollum helped refine the concept for the review article and critically reviewed and revised the manuscript for important intellectual content; and all authors approved the final manuscript as submitted and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.
ISSN:0031-4005
1098-4275
DOI:10.1542/peds.2022-060179