Transcriptional control of embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the potential to generate virtually any cell type or tissue type in the body. This remarkable plasticity has yielded great interest in using these cells to understand early development and in treating human disease. In an effort to understand the basis of ESC pluripo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inEpigenomics Vol. 3; no. 3; pp. 323 - 343
Main Author Guenther, Matthew G
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Future Medicine Ltd 01.06.2011
Subjects
chromatin
Chromatin - metabolism
embryonic stem cells
Embryonic Stem Cells - cytology
Embryonic Stem Cells - physiology
Epigenesis, Genetic - physiology
epigenetic
ESC
Genetic aspects
Genetic transcription
Histone Acetyltransferases - metabolism
Histone Deacetylases - metabolism
histone modification
Humans
induced pluripotent stem cell
iPSC
Models, Biological
Oct4
Physiological aspects
pluripotency
Pluripotent Stem Cells - cytology
Pluripotent Stem Cells - physiology
Regulatory Sequences, Ribonucleic Acid - genetics
reprogramming
Signal Transduction - physiology
Sox2
Stem cells
transcription
Transcription factors
Transcription Factors - metabolism
United States
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Summary:Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the potential to generate virtually any cell type or tissue type in the body. This remarkable plasticity has yielded great interest in using these cells to understand early development and in treating human disease. In an effort to understand the basis of ESC pluripotency, genetic and genomic studies have revealed transcriptional regulatory circuitry that maintains the pluripotent cell state and poises the genome for downstream activation. Critical components of this circuitry include ESC transcription factors, chromatin regulators, histone modifications, signaling molecules and regulatory RNAs. This article will focus on our current understanding of these components and how they influence ESC and induced pluripotent stem cell states. Emerging themes include regulation of the pluripotent genome by a core set of transcription factors, transcriptional poising of developmental genes by chromatin regulatory complexes and the establishment of multiple layers of repression at key genomic loci.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-2
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-3
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ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:1750-1911
1750-192X
DOI:10.2217/epi.11.15