Action of endogenous atrial natriuretic peptide in calves with experimental acute central venous congestion and low cardiac output

• Published in: Cardiovascular research Vol. 24; no. 5; pp. 345 - 351
• Main Authors: Rokitansky, Alexander M, Losert, Udo M, Trubel, W, Wieselthaler, G, Krausler, Sybille, Shreiner, W, Buxbaum, P, Vierhapper, H, Waldhäusl, W K, Wolner, E
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Oxford University Press 01.05.1990
• Subjects: Acute Disease; Aldosterone - blood; Animals; Atrial Natriuretic Factor - blood; Atrial Natriuretic Factor - physiology; atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations/actions; Biological and medical sciences; Blood Pressure; calves; Cardiac Output - physiology; Cardiac Output, Low - blood; Cardiac Output, Low - complications; Cardiac Output, Low - physiopathology; Cardiac Output, Low - urine; Cardiology. Vascular system; Cattle; Central Venous Pressure; Constriction, Pathologic; Diuresis - physiology; Electrolytes - urine; endogenous plasma renin concentrations; experimentally reduced cardiac output; Female; Heart; Heart Atria - physiopathology; Heart failure, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, cardiac enlargement; Medical sciences; plasma aldosterone concentrations; Pulmonary Artery - physiopathology; Renin - blood; Syndrome; Vena Cava, Inferior - physiopathology; venous congestion; Renal function; Mineralocorticoid; Peptide hormone; Ox; Cardiovascular disease; Atrial natriuretic peptide; Aldosterone; Natriuretic hormone; Renin; Ungulata; Inferior vena cava; Biochemical analysis; Steroid hormone; Calf; Exploration; Pulmonary artery; Blood flow; Vertebrata; Experimental disease; Mammalia; Animal; Adrenal hormone; Artiodactyla; Hemodynamics; Obliteration; Comparative study
• ISSN: 0008-6363; 1755-3245
• DOI: 10.1093/cvr/24.5.345

Study objective – The aim of the study was to investigate plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide, aldosterone, and renin during experimentally induced acute central venous congestion. Design – Two experimental calf models were used: (1) right heart failure due to pulmonary artery obstruction; (2) inferior vena cava syndrome produced by inferior vena caval obstruction. Hormonal responses and haemodynamic variables were measured over 6 h. Subjects – Experiments were performed on three female “Schwarzbund” calves, age 3 months, weight 92±8 kg. Measurements and main results – In the pulmonary artery obstructed group there was an increase of plasma aldosterone from 6.5(SEM 1.6) to 22.1(3.2) ng·dl−1 (p<0.05), of renin from 0.7(0.1) to 2.5(0.3) Goldblatt units × 10−4·ml−1 (p<0.05), and of atrial natriuretic peptide from 22.1(4.5) to 141.4(27.8) pmol·litre−1 (p<0.05). During inferior vena caval obstruction, aldosterone increased from 2.4(0.4) to 20.9(2.0) ng·dl−1 (p<0.05), and renin increased from 0.4(0.05) to 2.0(0.20) Goldblatt units × 10−4·ml−1 (p<0.05). In this experiment, atrial natriuretic peptide remained unchanged. Cardiac outut decreased in both groups. There was significant fluid and electrolyte retention during both experiments, with urine volume decreasing from 87.7(11.6) to 35.0(1.2) ml·h−1 in experiment (1), and from 185(14) to 95.7(8.6) ml·h−1 in experiment (2). Conclusions – The study suggests (1) that in an experimental acute state of reduced cardiac output due to pulmonary artery stenosis with constantly increased right heart pressures, raised endogenous atrial natriuretic peptide failed to induce diuresis and natriuresis; (2) that in acute right heart failure, renin and aldosterone secretion could not be suppressed by raised atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations; and (3) atrial natriuretic peptide secretion seemed to be exhausted after 6 h continuous atrial distension.