Two faces of microbiota in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases: triggers and drugs
The prevalence of chronic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, allergies, or rheumatic diseases, is steadily increasing in developed countries. This increase is probably accelerated by environmental factors, such as decrease in infectious burden or changes in foo...
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Published in | APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica et immunologica Scandinavica Vol. 121; no. 5; pp. 403 - 421 |
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Main Authors | , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Denmark
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.05.2013
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | The prevalence of chronic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, allergies, or rheumatic diseases, is steadily increasing in developed countries. This increase is probably accelerated by environmental factors, such as decrease in infectious burden or changes in food processing. These lifestyle changes then strongly influence the strongest stimulus for the immune system – commensal microbiota. Despite the differences in the affected organ, the immune‐mediated diseases have one or more factors in common – microbe either as a trigger or as a protector, mucosal barrier dysfunction, and dysregulation of the immune system. The core questions, which microbes are involved and how these diseases can be cured or even prevented still remain unsolved. Powered by the recent progress in technology, by new insights into the function of immune system, by advances in microbiome research, and extended use of gnotobiological techniques, these mechanisms are now being unravelled and new therapeutic possibilities are emerging. To secure their niche, the microbes devised many ingenious ways, how to dampen the inflammation. Nonpathogenic microorganisms or microbial components isolated from probiotic, commensal or even pathogenic microbes could be, therefore, used to interfere with the pathogenetic mechanisms of immune‐mediated diseases. |
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Bibliography: | Czech Science Foundation - No. P303/12/0535; No. P304/11/1252 ArticleID:APM12007 istex:85C8A354E9175AFBEC351FB8A4BA6CA4CE7B2A40 Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic - No. NT13483-4/2012 ark:/67375/WNG-MS0SHMFS-H Institutional Research Concept of Institute of Microbiology AS CR - No. RVO: 61388971 ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 |
ISSN: | 0903-4641 1600-0463 |
DOI: | 10.1111/apm.12007 |