Example of Qanats for the Sustainability of Groundwater Usage, Antalya-Turkey

The protection of the existing resources has become much more important than getting fresh water. The traditional methods, like well and pump, can reduce the groundwater level and dry up the reservoirs. On the other hand, there are some environmentally friendly methods like "qanat". Qanat...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inIOP conference series. Earth and environmental science Vol. 95; no. 2; pp. 22027 - 22035
Main Authors Ciftci, Ismail, Leventeli, Yasemin
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Bristol IOP Publishing 01.12.2017
Subjects
Arid regions
Arid zones
Chemical properties
Drinking water
Environmental management
Evaporation
Fresh water
Geology
Groundwater
Groundwater levels
Hydrology
Limestone
Permeability
Siltstone
Surface water
Sustainability
Water management
Water quality
Water table
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Summary:The protection of the existing resources has become much more important than getting fresh water. The traditional methods, like well and pump, can reduce the groundwater level and dry up the reservoirs. On the other hand, there are some environmentally friendly methods like "qanat". Qanat is a water management system which has been used to supply water in semi-arid and arid regions for a long time; for example, in Iran, Iraq, Morocco, Oman etc. The system consists of many vertical well connected by gently sloping tunnel with tapping into the groundwater table. The main idea is to reduce the evaporation and leakage, keep the natural balance of the groundwater without pumping. The main idea in this study is to find suitable places for qanats in terms of geology and hydrology and to create a model for new water projects in Antalya. A "pilot area" near to Elmalı, which is one of the districts of Antalya, is selected. The geological units in the area are permeable - highly permeable micritic limestone and impermeable - poor permeable claystone - siltstone. The surface waters in the area are generally seasonal. The physical and chemical properties of surface waters were determined. The water in the area was classified "as very good quality water for drinking" and "very good for irrigations". Besides that, the study showed that "the geological model is very appropriate for "qanat" and to get water by gravitation without decreasing the groundwater table and damaging natural balance".
ISSN:1755-1307
1755-1315
DOI:10.1088/1755-1315/95/2/022027