Motion and properties of nuclear radio components in Seyfert galaxies seen with VLBI

• Published in: Astronomy and astrophysics (Berlin) Vol. 417; no. 3; pp. 925 - 944
• Main Authors: Middelberg, E., Roy, A. L., Nagar, N. M., Krichbaum, T. P., Norris, R. P., Wilson, A. S., Falcke, H., Colbert, E. J. M., Witzel, A., Fricke, K. J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Les Ulis EDP Sciences 01.04.2004
• Subjects: galaxies: active; galaxies: jets; galaxies: seyfert; Quasars; Deflection; Radio galaxies; Relativistic jet; Luminosity; Active galaxies; Seyfert galaxies; Relativistic motion; Precession; Compact objects; Cosmic radio sources; Spectral index; Interstellar gas; Interstellar matter; Proper motion
• ISSN: 0004-6361; 1432-0746
• DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20040019

We report EVN, MERLIN and VLBA observations at 18 cm, 6 cm and 3.6 cm of the Seyfert galaxies NGC 7674, NGC 5506, NGC 2110 and Mrk 1210 to study their structure and proper motions on pc scales and to add some constraints on the many possible causes of the radio-quietness of Seyferts. The component configurations in NGC 7674 and NGC 2110 are simple, linear structures, whereas the configurations in NGC 5506 and Mrk 1210 have multiple components with no clear axis of symmetry. We suggest that NGC 7674 is a low-luminosity compact symmetric object. Comparing the images at different epochs, we find a proper motion in NGC 7674 of $(0.92\pm0.07)~c$ between the two central components separated by 282 pc and, in NGC 5506, we find a $3~\sigma$ upper limit of $0.50~c$ for the components separated by $3.8~{\rm pc}$. Our results confirm and extend earlier work showing that the outward motion of radio components in Seyfert galaxies is non-relativistic on pc scales. We briefly discuss whether this non-relativistic motion is intrinsic to the jet-formation process or results from deceleration of an initially relativistic jet by interaction with the pc or sub-pc scale interstellar medium. We combined our sample with a list compiled from the literature of VLBI observations made of Seyfert galaxies, and found that most Seyfert nuclei have at least one flat-spectrum component on the VLBI scale, which was not seen in the spectral indices measured at arcsec resolution. We found also that the bimodal alignment of pc and kpc radio structures displayed by radio galaxies and quasars is not displayed by this sample of Seyferts, which shows a uniform distribution of misalignment between $0^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$. The frequent misalignment could result from jet precession or from deflection of the jet by interaction with gas in the interstellar medium.