Changes in Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) during Cardiac Cycle of the Brain in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Before and After Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage

• Published in: Journal of magnetic resonance imaging Vol. 53; no. 4; pp. 1200 - 1207
• Main Authors: Osawa, Tomoshi, Ohno, Naoki, Mase, Mitsuhito, Miyati, Tosiaki, Omasa, Ryoko, Ishida, Shota, Kan, Hirohito, Arai, Nobuyuki, Kasai, Harumasa, Shibamoto, Yuta, Kobayashi, Satoshi, Gabata, Toshifumi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken, USA John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.04.2021; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: apparent diffusion coefficient; Biomechanical engineering; Biomechanics; Brain; Brain - diagnostic imaging; Cerebrospinal fluid; Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak; Diffusion; Diffusion coefficient; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; diffusion‐weighted imaging; Field strength; Heart; Humans; Hydrocephalus; Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure - diagnostic imaging; Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure - surgery; idiopathic normal‐pressure hydrocephalus; lumbar tap; Magnetic resonance imaging; Mechanical properties; Neuroimaging; Rank tests; Retrospective Studies; shunt surgery; Statistical analysis; Statistical tests; Substantia alba; Surgery; Surgical drains; lumbar tap; apparent diffusion coefficient; diffusion-weighted imaging; shunt surgery; idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus
• ISSN: 1053-1807; 1522-2586; 1522-2586
• DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27412

Background The causative mechanisms of idiopathic normal‐pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) symptoms are currently unknown. Purpose To assess the dynamic changes in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) during the cardiac cycle (ΔADC) of the brain before and after the lumbar tap and shunt surgery for the purpose of determining changes in hydrodynamic and biomechanical properties in the brain after cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage for iNPH. Study Type Retrospective. Subjects Overall, 22 patients suspected to have iNPH were examined before and after the lumbar tap and were divided into patients who showed symptomatic improvements (positive group, n = 17) and those without improvement (negative group, n = 5) after the lumbar tap. Seven patients in the positive group were examined after the shunt surgery. Field Strength/Sequence 1.5T, electrocardiographically synchronized single‐shot diffusion echo‐planar imaging. Assessment The frontal white matter ΔADC and mean ADC (ADCmean) were compared between before and 24 hours after lumbar tap and from 1 week to 1 month after the shunt surgery. Statistical Tests Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The ΔADC after the lumbar tap in the positive group was significantly lower than that before (P < 0.05), whereas no significant difference was found in the negative group (P = 0.23). After the lumbar tap, ΔADC decreased in 16 of 17 patients in the positive group, whereas ADCmean did not significantly change (P = 0.96). After the shunt surgery, ΔADC decreased in all seven patients (P < 0.05), whereas ADCmean did not significantly change (P = 0.87). Data Conclusion The frontal white matter ΔADC in iNPH decreased after the lumbar tap and shunt surgery. ΔADC analysis may provide detailed information regarding changes in the hydrodynamic and biomechanical properties through CSF drainage. Level of Evidence 4. Technical Efficacy Stage 4.