Cortical Venous Reddening Predicts Remote Cerebral Infarction Post Superficial Temporal Artery–Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass in Atherosclerotic Occlusive Cerebrovascular Disease

• Published in: World neurosurgery Vol. 127; pp. e864 - e872
• Main Authors: Hayashi, Kenyu, Uekawa, Ken, Kawano, Takayuki, Ohmori, Yuki, Amadatsu, Toshihiro, Takemoto, Yushin, Mukasa, Akitake
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.07.2019
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bypass surgery; Carotid Artery, Internal - surgery; Carotid Stenosis - surgery; Cerebral Revascularization - methods; Cerebrovascular Circulation - physiology; Female; Humans; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery - surgery; Intracranial Arteriosclerosis - surgery; Male; Middle Aged; Middle Cerebral Artery - surgery; Red vein; Selective neuronal loss; Stroke - surgery; Temporal Arteries - surgery; Young Adult; STA; EC-IC; 123I-IMP; MRI; CBF; CI; ICA; MCA; SPECT; Selective neuronal loss; SNL; CT; OEF; FMZ; COSS; Red vein; ACZ; JET; Bypass surgery; MRA; CVR; PET
• ISSN: 1878-8750; 1878-8769
• DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.03.287

The superficial temporal artery (STA)–middle cerebral artery (MCA) anastomosis (STA-MCA bypass) currently is performed to prevent atherosclerotic occlusive cerebrovascular disease. However, the benefits of the bypass surgery remain controversial. To ensure consistent surgical benefits, understanding the mechanisms of perioperative cerebral infarction (CI) is required. Moreover, appropriate patient selection procedures must be determined to decrease the rate of perioperative stroke. We retrospectively investigated patients who underwent bypass surgery at our institution and determined that the patients who presented with cortical venous reddening after anastomosis during the surgery developed perioperative CI. A total of 45 consecutive patients who underwent bypass surgery were retrospectively investigated. Twenty-five of the 45 patients underwent bypass for atherosclerotic occlusion or stenosis of the internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery. Preoperative iodine-123-N-isopropyl-iodoamphetamine single-photon emission computed tomography was performed with and without acetazolamide administration. Change in color of the cortical veins was observed on recorded surgical videos, and its correlation with perioperative CI was investigated. We experienced 2 cases of perioperative extensive CI at a region remote from the site of anastomosis. In both cases, retrospective investigation of surgical videos demonstrated reddening of cortical veins soon after the anastomosis procedure. Of all 45 patients, postoperative CI and venous reddening were observed in only these 2 cases. We determined that patients presenting with cortical venous reddening after anastomosis developed perioperative CI. Cortical venous reddening may be an important predictor for the occurrence of CI after STA-MCA bypass surgery for patients with atherosclerotic occlusive cerebrovascular disease.