The association between aggregate index of systemic inflammation and DXA-measured body composition parameters in adolescents

Systemic inflammation during adolescence may critically influence metabolic and musculoskeletal health, yet comprehensive biomarkers predicting adverse body composition remain underexplored. The aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI), integrating neutrophils, platelets, monocytes, and lymph...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inFrontiers in physiology Vol. 16; p. 1612735
Main Authors Wang, Haihua, Tao, Luping, Zhu, Zhongxin
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 09.06.2025
Subjects
adolescents
body composition
bone density
muscle mass
Physiology
systemic inflammation
visceral adiposity
muscle mass
systemic inflammation
body composition
visceral adiposity
adolescents
bone density
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

More Information
Summary:Systemic inflammation during adolescence may critically influence metabolic and musculoskeletal health, yet comprehensive biomarkers predicting adverse body composition remain underexplored. The aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI), integrating neutrophils, platelets, monocytes, and lymphocytes, offers a novel metric to assess this relationship. This cross-sectional study analyzed 3,661 adolescents (aged 12-19 years) from NHANES 2011-2018. AISI was calculated from complete blood counts, and body composition parameters-appendicular lean mass index (ALMI), visceral adipose tissue area (VATA), and total bone mineral density (BMD)-were measured via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Multivariable linear regression and threshold effect models evaluated associations, adjusting for demographic, metabolic, and lifestyle covariates. Higher logAISI was associated with lower ALMI (β = -0.189, 95% CI: -0.262 to -0.116), greater VATA (β = 3.017, 1.266-4.769), and reduced BMD (β = -0.017, -0.027 to -0.007). A threshold effect emerged at logAISI = 2.2, beyond which inflammation's impact on VATA and BMD intensified. Elevated AISI correlates with adverse body composition in adolescents. The identified threshold suggests a potential clinical benchmark for early intervention. These findings underscore systemic inflammation as a modifiable target to mitigate metabolic and musculoskeletal risks during this critical developmental period.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
Yi-Jin Zheng, Shenzhen Chronic Disease Prevention Center, China
Reviewed by: Jian Huang, University of Texas at Arlington, United States
These authors have contributed equally to this work
Edited by: Lin Zhang, Lanzhou University, China
ISSN:1664-042X
1664-042X
DOI:10.3389/fphys.2025.1612735