Plane-wave characterization of antennas close to a planar interface

• Published in: IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing Vol. 42; no. 6; pp. 1222 - 1232
• Main Authors: Meincke, P., Hansen, T.B.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY IEEE 01.06.2004; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Antenna measurements; Antennas and propagation; Applied geophysics; Earth sciences; Earth, ocean, space; Electromagnetic scattering; Exact sciences and technology; Ground penetrating radar; Internal geophysics; Radar antennas; Radar scattering; Receiving antennas; Reflector antennas; Transmission line matrix methods; Transmitting antennas; models; wave scattering; interfaces; surface-penetrating radar (SPR); buried features; near-field; planar near-field measurements; ground-penetrating radar; Ground-penetrating radar (GPR); planar interface; plane waves; imagery; plane-wave scattering matrix; characterization; subsurface imaging
• ISSN: 0196-2892; 1558-0644
• DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2004.825590

The plane-wave scattering matrix is used to characterize antennas that are located just above a planar interface that separates two media. The plane-wave transmitting spectrum for the field radiated downward into the lower medium is expressed directly in terms of the current distribution of the transmitting antenna. The transmitting spectrum for a reciprocal antenna determines the plane-wave receiving spectrum for the field that propagates upward in the lower medium. A measurement procedure is discussed for determining the plane-wave transmitting and receiving spectra from measurements with a probe that is located in the lower medium.